Essential amino acids, or EAAs, are amino acids that our body needs but cannot produce on its own, and there are 9 of them: Histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.

基本氨基酸，简称 EAA，是我们身体需要但不能自己产生氨基酸，其有 9 种：组氨酸，异亮氨酸，亮氨酸，赖氨酸，蛋氨酸，苯丙氨酸，苏氨酸，色氨酸和缬氨酸。

Glycine, alanine, valine, leucine are all nonpolar assets and this is how you drop them in an exam.

甘氨酸，丙氨酸，缬氨酸，亮氨酸全都是非极性，这就是你如何征服考试秘诀啦！

Aspartame is broken down to phenylalanine, aspartic acid, and methanol.

阿分解成苯丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和甲醇。

Alanine aminotransferase, or ALT, is mostly found only in the liver, and aspartate aminotransferase, or AST, is found in both the liver as well as other tissues.

比如丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT），在肝内最多见；又如天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST），可见于肝及其他组织。

Outside of people with a rare genetic disorder known as phenylketonuria, phenylalanine and aspartic acid are generally safe to consume, since they're amino acids that exist in pretty much any protein source.

除了患有罕见遗传性疾病-苯丙酮尿症人之外，其他人通常可以安全食用苯丙氨酸和天冬氨酸，因为这两者是几乎存在于所有蛋白氨基酸。

But beta-alanine doesn't just affect your muscles – it likes to hang out with your nerves, too.

但是β-丙氨酸不只影响肌肉，它还喜欢待在神经。

These supplements might contain things like caffeine, taurine, beta-alanine, creatine, things that end in 'een', chemicals that can make you more alert and get your blood pumping.

这些补剂可能包括咖啡因、牛磺酸、β-丙氨酸、肌酸等，这些以“in”音结尾化学物可以使人变得反应机敏，并促进血管收缩(使心跳加快加强)。

In other words, when someone ingests more beta-alanine, or gets more injected through their skin, the tingly side-effects get worse.

换句话说，当人们服用或是皮下注射了更多β-丙氨酸，这种刺痛副作用就会更加明显。

So it kind of makes sense that beta-alanine is in some pre-workout supplements, to theoretically help you push through an intense workout and get swole.

可见 β-丙氨酸出现在一些训前补剂是很有道理，理论上讲，它可以使人在激烈运动后不觉得肌肉肿胀。

The culprit seems to be an amino acid in lots of pre-workout supplements called beta-alanine, which your body can use to make a molecule called carnosine, which hangs out in your skeletal muscles.

罪魁祸首似乎是β-丙氨酸，它是一种氨基酸，存在于许多训前补剂，你身体可以用它来形成一种叫作肌肽小分子，这种小分子存在于骨骼肌。

And you'll see tryptophan, and tyrosine, and phenylalanine, and quinone gas, and lactic acid, cholesterol.

你会看到色氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、醌类气体、乳酸、胆固醇等成分。

These are flagged up by lower than normal levels of things like leucine, glycerol and phenylalanine Your local environment breathing in polluted air has a marked impact on the profile of your metabolites.

这些标志是由亮氨酸、甘油和苯丙氨酸等物低于正常水平引起。你所处环境，比如吸入污染空气，会对你代谢物谱产生显着影响。

So track stack is kind of the idea from the old bodybuilding set where you're taking 200 milligrams of caffeine, low-dose baby aspirin, but then I add beta alanine.

所以追踪堆栈概念来自老式健美训练， 你服用200毫克咖啡因，低剂量婴儿扑热息痛， 但我还会加入β-丙氨酸。

But if you have phenylketonuria and they test all babies for this, you can't break down or you can't do well with a diet that's rich in phenylalanine.

但如果你患有苯丙酮尿症， 而他们会对所有婴儿进行这项检查，你就无法分解或者无法很好地适应富含苯丙氨酸饮食。

The consequence of ingesting phenylalanine for people with PKU is that they are subject to permanent intellectual disabilities, so it's a scary thing to have.

苯丙酮尿症患者摄入苯丙氨酸后果是可能会导致永久性智力障碍，所以这是一种很可怕情况。

So what I did is I took I took one gram of L-tyrosine, 500 milligrams of D-L-phenylalanine just for precursor for the dopamine.

所以我服用了1克L-酪氨酸和500毫克D-L-苯基丙氨酸，后者作为多胺前体。

Let's say we think glyphosate or BMAA are the culprits, which are the two that were floated.

假设我们认为草甘膦或β-甲氨基-L-丙氨酸是罪魁祸首，这两种物被提及过。

Grade 3 or higher treatment-related AEs occurred in 28% of patients, the most common being hypertension (9%) and increased alanine or aspartate aminotransferase levels (9% and 6%, respectively).

28% 患者出现 3 级或更高级别治疗相关 AE，最常见是高血压 (9%) 以及丙氨酸或天冬氨酸转氨酶水平升高（分别为 9% 和 6%）。

What if I had a deficiency in phenylalanine or tyrosine?

如果我缺乏苯丙氨酸或酪氨酸会怎样？

I would definitely consider like some sort of like either beta alanine or alkanosine.

我肯定会考虑使用某种形式β-丙氨酸或阿卡诺新。