More recently, silica (silicon dioxide, which comes from sand) has come to the forefront.

近年来，硅土（从沙土中提取的二氧化硅）已经脱颖而出。

The primary component of the most common form of sand is silicon dioxide.

沙子最基本式的基础成分是二氧化硅。

Opal is formed when silica-rich groundwater hardens in rock over millions of years.

欧泊的成过程是：富含二氧化硅的地下水在岩石里经过几万年硬化沉淀。

The pineapple silica differs from silica nanospheres that are synthesized in labs for various applications.

菠萝二氧化硅不同于在验室合成的适用于不同用途的二氧化硅纳米球。

These are spheres of silica, silica and oxygen.

这些是二氧化硅、二氧化硅和氧气的球体。

They're probably formed out of a silica rich solution.

它们可能是由富含二氧化硅的成的。

The sample also contained silicon dioxide and silica glass.

样品还含有二氧化硅和二氧化硅玻璃。

And so we make some silicon dioxide.

因此我们制造了一些二氧化硅。

And so if silicon dioxide can make that, well what about something below that.

如果二氧化硅可以做到这一点，那么低于这一水平的东西又如何呢？

Silica, the mineral that makes up sand and quartz, also has lots of different polymorphs.

组成砂砾和石英的二氧化硅也有许多不同的多晶体。

Glass is an enormously important example of a three dimensional silica based amorphous solid.

玻璃是一个及其重要的，三维结构二氧化硅的非晶体模型。

Borosilicate and silica are the most abundant minerals surrounding the water.

硼硅酸盐和二氧化硅是水周围最丰富的矿物质。

Bits of silica settled into the gel and then grew into the spheres that make up opal.

少量二氧化硅沉淀在凝胶中，之后成长为构成欧泊的球状体。

The form of the silica that makes sand, is exactly the same as the form that comprises quartz.

沙子态的二氧化硅和组成石英的二氧化硅其是一样的。

This is a silica that the pineapple plant processes on its own, and it is of very high purity.

“这是菠萝自己加工而成的二氧化硅，纯度非常高。”

We could help the young Arctic ice to reflect more sunlight by covering it with small, shiny silica microspheres.

我们可以用微小而闪亮的二氧化硅微球覆盖在新生的冰上，以反射更多太阳光。

Even a single polymorph of silica can take on a huge variety of forms.

即便是二氧化硅的一种多晶体都可以有大量的组成型态。

Silica and borosilicate, they are the most abundant minerals surrounding the water.”

水周围最丰富的物质就是二氧化硅和硼硅酸盐。”

The chemical name of this substance is silica made up of silicon and oxygen in a 1: 2 ratio.

这种物质的化学名称是二氧化硅，由硅和氧以1: 2比例化合而成。

The obvious question then is: Was there silica available in the early earth environment?

在早期地球环境中是否存在二氧化硅?