Hacking into these routers and switches is being used to support espionage and steal commercial secrets, they say.

两国官方称，俄罗斯入侵这些路由器和交是为了支持间谍动以及窃取商业密。

If I'm honest, they just look like any other switch to me.

老实说，它们对我来说就像其他交一样。

So basically, Zeal, one of the community manufacturers, was creating this switch called the Zealio.

基本上，Zeal（社区制造商之一）正在创建这款名为 Zealio 的交。

So, for example, " How many monkeys are actually touching the bed? " activates the decision switchboard.

因此，例如，“有多少只猴子实际上正在触摸床？”激活决策交。

Back then, it was a scrappy upstart, selling telephone switches produced by another company in Hong Kong.

当时， 它是一个斗志昂扬的新贵， 销售香港另一家公司生的电话交。

The company moved quickly from reselling telephone switches made mostly in Hong Kong, to designing manufacturing its own equipment.

该公司迅速从转售主要在香港制造的电话交转向设计制造自己的设备。

So for example, on a switch, if you rip off the eMMC of the board, it can't load stuff.

因此，例如，在交上，如果你撕掉板上的 eMMC，它就无法加载东西。

Full-fibre is where the entire connection between the telephone exchange and the home or business comes through a fibre-optic line.

全光纤是指电话交家庭或企业之间的整个连接都通过光纤线路。

To reduce the likelihood of collisions, we can break this network into two collision domains by using a Network Switch.

为了减少冲突的可能性，我们可以使用网络交将这个网络分成两个冲突域。

It proceeds effectively one city at a time, especially in mid-sized and smaller cities, which only have one telephone exchange.

它一次有效地在一个城市，特别是在只有一个电话交的小城市。

So basically, Zeal would tell a bunch of marketplaces that they were allowed to resell the switch that they were producing.

所以基本上，Zeal 会告诉一些市场，他们被允许转售他们正在生的交。

Over the past two episodes, we've delved into the wires, signals, switches, packets, routers and protocols that make up the internet.

在过去的两集，我们深入研究了构成互联网的电线、信号、交、数据包、路由器和协议。

So if A wants to transmit to C, the switch doesn’t forward the data to the other network – there’s no need.

因此，如果 A 想要传输到 C，交不会将数据转发到另一个网络——没有必要。

They released it shortly after, and they also ported Linux, so you can look at their repositories, you can run Linux on a switch.

他们很快就发布了，他们还移植了 Linux，所以你可以看看他们的存储库，你可以在交上运 Linux。

These phone switching machines require intense security and they have to run no matter what—after all, if the machines stop working, the phones stop working.

这些电话交需要严格的安全保护， 无论如何它们都必须运——毕竟，如果器停止工作， 电话也会停止工作。

Programming was done by plugging hundreds of wires into plugboards, sort of like old school telephone switchboards, in order to set up the computer to perform the right operations.

编程方法是把几百根电线插到插板里，有点像老电话交，这样计算才会执正确的操作。

In many cases, only the line from the exchange to the on-street cabinet is fibre, with copper still handling the last leg of the journey, limiting speeds.

在许多情况下，只有从交到路柜的线路是光纤，铜仍然处理旅程的最后一段，限制了速度。

Another is Charles E. Scribner, who, by his invention of that intricate device, the multiple switchboard, has converted the telephone exchange into a smoothly working, orderly place.

另一个是查尔斯·E·斯克里布纳 (Charles E. Scribner)， 他发明了复杂的设备， 多路总，将电话交变成了一个工作顺畅、井然有序的地方。

Having begun life in 1987 selling phone switches from a flat in the southern city of Shenzhen, in 2012 the Chinese technology firm overtook Sweden's Ericsson to become the world's biggest maker of telecoms gear.

这家国科技公司于 1987 年开始在南方城市深圳的一个公寓销售电话交，2012 年超越瑞典的爱立信成为全球最大的电信设备制造商。