But the midwife was attending a sick woman in the village, infected Katiousha with puerperal fever, and the child, a boy, was taken to a foundling asylum where, she was told, he died immediately after his arrival there.

但是助产士在村里照顾生病的妇女，她把产褥热传染给了卡秋沙，这个男孩是个男孩，被带到家弃儿收容所，她被告知，他到达那里立即死亡。

He noted that, unlike the midwives, the doctors and students carried out autopsies, often handling the corpses of puerperal fever victims, then attending to pregnant women.

他注意到， 与助产士不同， 医生和学生们会行尸体解剖，经常接触产褥热患者的遗体，随照料孕妇。

Holmes noticed a pattern: when a patient dies of childbed fever, a doctor performs an autopsy.

福尔摩斯注意到个模式：当个病人死于产褥热时，医生会行尸检。

And where are you going to spend your postpartum period, you know, the month after giving birth?

你打算在哪里度过产褥期呢，就是生完孩子的那个月？

A few years earlier, Oliver Wendell Holmes, a brilliant young American physician who studied medicine at Harvard and in Paris, began to research puerperal fever after hearing of a doctor who died a week after performing an autopsy on a fever victim.

几年，名叫奥利弗·温德尔·霍姆斯的年轻美国医生，在哈佛和巴黎学习医学，开始研究产褥热，起因是他听说有医生在为名发热患者行尸检周世。

Childbed fever strikes within days of giving birth, killing more than 70% of those infected— and nobody knows what causes it.

产褥热会在分娩的几天内发作，导致 70% 以上的感染者死亡——而且没人知道是什么原因引起的。

It's 1843, and a debate is raging among physicians about one of the most common killers of women: childbed fever.

现在是 1843 年，医生们正在激烈争论女性最常见的杀手之：产褥热。

In his 1843 paper, The Contagiousness of Puerperal Fever, Holmes sets down the considerable evidence he amassed.

在1843年的论文《产褥热的传染性》中，霍姆斯记录了他收集到的大量证据。

As assistant to Professor Johann Klein, he worked in the Vienna General Hospital maternity ward, where in 1846 he made the crucial link between poor hygiene and puerperal fever.

在约翰·克莱因教授的助理期间，他任职于维也纳总医院产科病房，并于1846年发现了不良卫生条件与产褥热之间的关键联系。

So you say women who have inflammation also come down with childbed fever, therefore the inflammation caused the fever.

所以你说有炎症的女人也得了产褥热，所以炎症引起了发烧。

Having observed abdominal inflammation in patients who go on to develop the fever, he claims this inflammation is the cause of childbed fever.

在观察到继续发烧的患者的腹部炎症，他声称这种炎症是产褥热的原因。

At the time, puerperal fever, also known as childbed fever, an infection of the reproductive organs, killed many women within days of childbirth.

当时， 产褥热（又称产褥热），即生殖器官感染，在分娩数日内夺了许多妇女的生命。

With this initiative, he has proven the contagious nature of childbed fever.

通过这举措，他证明了产褥热的传染性。

The disease known as puerperal fever is so far contagious as to be frequently carried patient to patient by physicians and nurses.

被称为产褥热的这种疾病，其传染性已强到常由医生和护士在病人之间传播的程度。

1843 In the US, physician Oliver Holmes presents evidence showing that puerperal, i.e. childbed, fever is contagious and can be prevented by strict hygiene.

1843年， 在美国，医师奥利弗·霍姆斯提出了证据，表明产褥热（即产发热）具有传染性， 并可以通过严格的卫生措施来预防。

In his conclusion, Holmes lays down guidelines for physicians such as thorough ablution, and a complete change of clothes after attending autopsies, and waiting some weeks after any contact with puerperal fever sufferers before delivering a child.

在其结论中， 霍姆斯为医生制定了指导方针，如彻底的清洗、参加尸检更换全部衣物，以及在与产褥热患者接触等待数周再接生婴儿。