Even after the US finally abolished slavery, and eventually gave Black Americans the right to vote, White Southern leaders found ways to keep them from voting, like with discriminating laws like poll taxes, and acts of violence.

即使在美国最终废除奴隶制之后，最终给了美国黑选举权，南方的白领袖是用比如像头这样的歧视性法，有暴力行为，去阻止他们投票。

You don't have to pay (a poll tax) to vote.

你不必为投票付费（头）。

Ed Miliband, Labour's leader, dubbed the reforms Mr Cameron's poll tax, a reference to the policy that helped fell Margaret Thatcher.

工党领袖埃德·米利班德把这些改革戏称为卡梅伦的头，一个曾经让撒切尔夫下台的参考政策。

Many legal fees are like modern day poll taxes.

许多法费用就像代的 poll tax（头）。

Voting age, presidential succession, poll taxes or congressional pay?

投票年龄、总统继任、头是国会议员工资？

We survived poll taxes and literacy tests.

我们挺过了头和识字测试。

But the key thing in 1381 is the introduction of the poll tax.

但1381年关键的是征收头。

You know, you don't have to take a poll tax or pay a poll tax.

你知道，你不需要支付头或投票。

They, in return, usually paid to their protector a sort of annual poll-tax.

作为回报，他们通常每年向他们的保护者支付一种头。

However, things did improve for the poor as  the rebellion had frightened the rich, and they realized they could not push commoners too far.  No government collected a poll tax until 1990.

然而，由于叛乱吓坏了富， 穷的情况确实有所改善，他们意识到他们不能把平民逼得太远。 直到 1990 年， 政府才征收头。

And not just - it didn't just get rid of those literacy tests and poll taxes, but federal officials were sent to the South to register Black voters for the first time.

不仅如此，它不仅取消了识字测试和头，而且首次派联邦官员前往南方登记黑选民。

Capitation taxes, so far as they are levied upon the lower ranks of people, are direct taxes upon the wages of labour, and are attended with all the inconveniencies of such taxes.

就对下层民征收的头而言，它是对劳动工资的直接征，并伴随着这种收的所有不便之处。

At the time, discriminatory literacy tests, poll taxes, and a flat-out refusal to register black people to vote meant that many black people could not.

当时，歧视性的识字测试、头以及直接拒绝给黑注册投票权，导致许多黑无法投票。

The poll tax was a creature of the government.

【creature】头是政府的发明。

It outlawed all kinds of barriers to voting, like literacy tests and poll taxes.

它禁止了所有投票障碍，如识字测试和头。

He paid the $1.50 poll tax.

他支付了1.50美元的头。

The problem was that litigation before the federal courts was very slow, and that every time you struck down a poll tax or literacy test in a place like Alabama, they just passed a new one.

问题在于，联邦法院的诉讼速度非常慢，而且每次在阿拉巴马州这样的地方废除头或识字测试时，他们都会通过一项新的测试。

Capitation taxes, if they are proportioned, not to the supposed fortune, but to the rank of each contributor, become altogether unequal; the degrees of fortune being frequently unequal in the same degree of rank.

头，如果不是按照假定的财​​富，而是按照每个纳的等级，就会变得完全不平等；同一等级的财富等级往往不相等。

The only way we're ever going to have equal rights in America is if we get rid of the modern day literacy tests and poll taxes that dominate our courts and legal system.

我们在美国实平等权利的唯一途径就是消除那些主宰我们法院和法体系的代版识字测试和头。

And a poll tax is a flat rate tax and therefore very, very unfair on working people who are paying exactly the same as the gentry and the noblemen ahead of them.

而头是一种固定率的收，因此对工阶级极为不公平，因为他们缴纳的额与贵族和绅士阶层完全相同。