He designed his own light microscope, which used multiple glass lenses to light and magnify specimens.

他设计了自己的光镜，使用多个玻璃透镜来照亮和放大标本。

The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single-celled plants and animals.

16世纪，光镜发明成功，此项发明揭开了人们对未知动植物的了解。

This image was taken with a light microscope.

这张图片是用光镜拍摄的。

During the 19th century, huge medical progress was made possible by the light microscope.

在19世纪，光镜使得医取得了巨大的进步。

They incorporate optical sectioning using high-resolution confocal microscopy.

他们采用高分辨率共聚焦镜进行光切片。

These molecules are smaller than the wavelength of light, which means that we can never see them directly, even with the best light microscopes.

这分子比光的波长还小，也就是说，我们永远不可能直接看见它们，即使用最先进的光镜也做不到。

We start our investigations at a very small magnification, which is equivalent to the highest magnification, which you can actually reach with a light microscope.

我们从一个很小的放大倍率开始我们的研究，这相当于你用光镜能达到的最高放大倍率。

When we zoom in on its wing using a light microscope, we see that it's composed of tiny overlapping scales.

当我们用光镜放大翅膀时，可以看到它是由许多小的重叠鳞片组成的。

It's also too tiny to be seen with a light microscope, so to visualize it, you need a darkfield microscope with use of immunofluorescence is required.

这种细菌也因为体型太细而难以在光镜下像，所以为了能够看见钩端螺旋体，人们需要使用暗视野镜以及荧光染色剂。

These vital components of life are too small to be seen by the naked eye, or even by a light microscope.

生命中的这重要组分小到肉眼甚至光镜都无法看见。

Well-differentiated tumors with adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma morphology can be diagnosed by routine light microscopy, without the need for IHC.

具有腺癌或鳞状细胞癌形态的分化良好的肿瘤可以通过常规光镜进行诊断，而不需要 IHC。

On light microscopy, there'll often be mesangial proliferation, or expansion of the mesangium, and upon getting a closer look with electron microscopy, there'll be immune complexes deposited within the mesangium.

光镜下，常常可见系膜增生或系膜扩张，进一步电镜下观察，可见免疫复合物沉积于系膜上。

But they still have their limits—modern optical microscopes cannot image structures smaller in size than the wavelength of visible light, or a few hundred nanometres.

但它们仍有局限性——现代光镜无法对尺寸小于可见光波长或几百纳米的结构进行成像。

So maybe this sounds like a super stupid question, but why can't you just use a regular light  microscope to take a picture of a protein?

这或许听起来是个极愚蠢的问题，但为不能用普通光镜来拍摄蛋白质的图像呢？

Even the best light microscopes can't see anything much smaller than about 200 nm, because, well, light can't really interact with something smaller than its wavelength.

即使是最好的光镜也无法看见小于 200 纳米的任东西，因为光实际上无法与小于波长的物体相互作用。

For centuries, scientists have been limited by the fact that optical microscopes couldn't achieve a resolution smaller than 0.2 micrometers, or half the wavelength of visible light.

几个世纪以来， 光镜无法达到小于 0.2 米（ 或可见光波长的一半） 的分辨率这一事实限制了科家们。

They monitored changes in these cracks under increasing pressure using optical and electron microscopes And found that the cracks barely grew until the force used exceed 500 Newtons.

他们使用光镜和电子镜监测这裂纹在不断增加的压力下的变化，并发现直到施加的力量超过500牛顿时，裂纹才开始明增长。

An optical microscope, with a typical resolution of about 250 nanometres, can then produce images of individual elements within cells that are, in reality, only 60 nanometres in width.

典型分辨率约为 250 纳米的光镜可以生成细胞内单个元素的图像，而实际上这元素的宽度仅为 60 纳米。