America has few aluminium smelters; building new ones can take years.

美国现有的铝冶炼厂很少，新建冶炼厂需要数时间。

New sanctions were also imposed on two Syrian state refineries and six senior officials.

两家叙利亚国有冶炼厂和6名高级官员也受到了制裁。

You can imagine, the Industrial Revolution, lead smelting, and all that kind of thing.

你以想象，工业革命，铅冶炼，以及所有类似的事情。

So smelting was a significant technological advance.

所以冶炼是一项重大的技术进步。

Now, the first evidence of copper smelting dates to 5000 B-C-E in Southwest Asia.

现 第一个铜冶炼的证据以追溯到公元5000西南亚。

Smelting uses a lot of energy and, depending on the type of battery, can release harmful by-products.

冶炼过程耗大量源，并且根据电池的类型，释放有害的副产物。

We then customize it through a series of alloying and processing steps to make it even stronger.

然后再通过一系列工艺，加以特别的冶炼和精煅，使其更为坚固。

But using commodity money means you have to make commodity money, which is solved by production technologies–like smelting.

但是使用商品货币意味着你必须制造商品货币，它是通过冶炼等生产技术来解决的。

Authorities say that he started the fire trying to forge metal after watching a TV show about it.

据官方息，该男子看完冶炼金属的电视节目后，试图点火模仿。

Indonesian President Joko Widodo pushed the project further by building nickel factories, or smelters, near electric vehicle battery factories.

印尼总统佐科·维多多通过电动汽车电池厂附近建造镍厂或冶炼厂，进一步推动了该项目。

Smelting would be one of those advancements.

冶炼将是这些进步之一。

In the early days, the ores had been smelted — or processed — in the same area they were mined.

早期的时候，矿石是开采地区就近冶炼或者加工的。

Smelters and coal-fired power plants burn to process nickel ore into material for batteries and steel.

冶炼厂和燃煤发电厂燃烧，将镍矿石加工成电池和钢铁的材料。

Most metal smelters give off an awful lot of carbon dioxide.

大多数金属冶炼厂都释放出大量的二氧化碳。

So we're not going all the way back to the mine through smelting, transportation, processing.

所以我们不通过冶炼、运输、加工一路回到矿山。

The price paid to smelters for raw copper concentrate is at its lowest in decades.

冶炼厂支付给铜精矿的原料价格已跌至数十来的最低点。

What is more, designing, building and operating smelters is hard.

此外，设计、建造和运营冶炼厂也颇为艰难。

Digging up and smelting nickel is a grubby trade.

开采和冶炼镍是一种肮脏的生意。

Since the fateful smelting, economic output and greenhouse-gas emissions have risen in tandem.

自致命的冶炼以来，经济产出和温室气体排放量同步上升。

I mean, the earliest record of iron smelting is within sub-Saharan Africa.

我的意思是，最早的铁冶炼记录是撒哈拉以南非洲地区。