In other words, was metallurgy born out of necessity?

换句话说 金学是必产生吗？

He began working with metal four years ago to provide for himself and his young family.

四年前他开始从事金业来养活己和家人。

Next, we use a new hardening process developed by our metallurgists to strengthen a metal that is naturally very soft.

随后，再采用我们金大师制定全新强化工序，让这一本来十分柔软金属变得更为坚固。

You have all these advances in iron machinery.

你在金机械方面取得了这些进步。

The metallurgy was not all that well known.

金学并不是那么为人所知。

Real artistic pioneers in Africa and also potentially pyrotechnological or metallurgical pioneers as well.

真洲艺术先锋，也可能是火药技术或金技术先锋。

The core coal metallurgical business, that continues to be weak.

核心煤炭金业务依疲软。

Fractals are used in, like, everything from predicting natural disasters to metallurgy.

分形体能被用于...万事万物从预灾害到金术。

Or perhaps later in history, it would require the techniques of metallurgy.

或者在历史后期 它可能需要金技术。

We're basically metallurgists, Hakyung and I.

我们基本上是金学家，哈丘和我。

I think the Anthropocene started with the invention of bronze, of metallurgy.

我认为人类世始于青铜和金术发明。

Once the Industrial Revolution got underway, improved metallurgy and mass production techniques resulted in the dip pen.

工业革命开始后，改进金技术和大规模生产技术导致了蘸水笔出现。

Before metallurgy, you couldn't really do colonial warfare.

在金技术出现之前，殖民战争实际上是无法进行。

Key hallmarks of this transition included the development of agriculture, metallurgy, complex technology, centralized government, and writing.

这一转变主要标志包括农业、金、复杂技术、中央集权政府和文字发展。

Doctors Ding and Kildall propose employing a closed-loop carbon recycling system to replace most of the coke.

丁医生和基尔达尔医生提议采用闭环碳回收系统来替代大部分金焦炭。

A New World example of technological diffusion is metallurgy, which spread from the Andes via Panama to Mesoamerica.

新世界技术传播一个例子是金术，它从安第斯山脉经巴拿马传播到中美洲。

Of those advances—in paper, movable type, metallurgy, presses, inks, and scripts—paper and the idea of movable type reached Europe from China.

在纸张、活字印刷、金、印刷机、油墨和文字等方面进步中，纸张和活字印刷想法是从中国传到欧洲。

The modification Doctors Ding and Kildall propose cuts coke out of the loop by pumping CO directly into the blast furnace.

丁博士和基尔达尔提出改良方案是直接将一氧化碳泵入高炉，从而省去了金焦炭使用。

Bones of domestic animals were important raw materials for artifacts of Neolithic peoples before the development of metallurgy.

在金术尚未发展之前，家畜骨头是新石器时代人们制作器物重要原料。

Mostly these are based on the use of hydrogen instead of coke as the regent which extracts the oxygen from iron oxide ore.

这些大多基于使用氢气代替金焦炭作为从铁氧化矿中提取氧试剂。