And birth control pills tip the balance towards clotting because they increase the levels of clotting factors and decrease the levels of some anticoagulation factors like protein C and antithrombin.

而避孕药使得凝功能亢进，因为避孕药增强了凝因子的功能，降低了蛋白C及抗凝等抗凝因子的功能。

Finally, an elevated or prolonged prothrombin time, which is the time it takes your blood to clot, is a typical lab finding in more severe cases.

最终，凝间延长，即液凝固的间，也是更严重自免肝病例的典型实验室指标。

Factor Xa, with Factor Va as a cofactor, turns factor II (also called prothrombin) into factor IIa or thrombin.

活性因子Xa和作为辅因子的因子Va将因子II（凝）转变为因子IIa（凝）。

Thrombin then turns factor I or fibrinogen, which is soluble, into factor Ia or fibrin, which is insoluble and precipitates out of the blood at the site of injury.

之后凝将可溶的因子I（纤维蛋白）转变为因子Ia（纤维蛋白），纤维蛋白不可溶，便在损伤部位从液中析出。

Thrombin also turns factor XIII into factor XIIIa which cross links the fibrin to form a stable clot.

凝也能使因子XIII转变为因子XIIIa；因子XIIIa与纤维蛋白通过交叉连接形成稳固的凝块。

There is also a prolonged prothrombin (or PT) time, as well as prolonged partial thromboplastin time (or PTT), both of which reflect having lower levels of circulating coagulation factors.

凝（PT）间和部分凝活（PTT）间均会延长，两者都反映出液循环中低水平的凝因子。

So, it starts with a protein called thrombomodulin, which is on endothelial cells that line our blood vessels, and together with thrombin, they form a complex that also includes protein C and protein S.

这一过程从栓调节蛋白开始，它位于管的内皮细胞中，与凝形成一个复合物，其同也包含蛋白C和S。

Diagnosis of hemophilia A and B usually starts with lab tests including a platelet count which is usually normal, a prothrombin (PT) time, and a partial thromboplastic (PTT) time.

友病A和B的诊断通常是进行实验检测，包括小板计数（一般正常）、凝间（PT），以及部分凝活间（PTT）。

So, in people with protein C and S deficiency, the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex can't cleave and inactivate factors V and VIII.

所以，在蛋白C和S缺乏症患者体内，凝-栓调节蛋白复合物不能裂解灭活V因子和VIII因子。

Plasma is the liquid part of the blood and consists of water, dissolved proteins, sugar, salts, hormones, and other substances. The four major plasma proteins are albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin.

浆是液的液体部分，由水，溶解的蛋白质，糖，盐，激素和其他物质组成。四种主要的浆蛋白是白蛋白，球蛋白，纤维蛋白和凝。