Reason vs passion, masculinity vs femininity, profit vs generosity, high culture vs low culture.

理性相对感性、男人相对女人、相对慷慨、高文化相对低俗文化。

So, the utilitarian position is in the middle.

因此主义的立场是中立的。

As for Jeremy Bentham, who launched utilitarianism as a doctrine in moral and legal philosophy, Bentham died in 1832 at the age of 85.

杰里米·边沁确立了主义作道德和法律哲学学说的地位，边沁死于1832年，享年85岁。

But my interest in her was a bit more practical.

但是我和她在一起的原因有些。

In crisis, the language of equal rights and anti-discrimination became that of utilitarianism and prioritisation.

在危机中，平权和反歧视的语言变成了主义和优先权的语言。

It's a huge twenty-story office building, all curved glass and steel, an architect's utilitarian fantasy, with Grey House written discreetly in steel over the glass front doors.

这是一个庞大的二十层钢架构建筑，由完全弯曲的钢铁和玻璃组成，体现出建筑师们的和幻想。“格林宅”工整地写在前面的玻璃门上。

Why plastic, though? It's just, it's-well, first of all, from a purely utilitarian perspective, plastic's just a terrible thing to use when you're dealing with a hot pan.

什么要用塑料的呢？它们--首先，单从主义角度来说，在热锅里使用塑料制品就是很糟糕的做法。

When women take a more instrumental approach (" This is what I want and deserve" ), people react far more negatively.

而当女性采用一种较的态度时（" 这就是我想要的，也是我应得的" ），人们会比较反感。

Early in the day, when energy levels are higher, people are more prone to pursue utilitarian goals and make practical choices.

在一天的早晨，当能量水平较高时，人们更容易追求目标并做出实际选择。

Our education system has mined our minds in the way that we strip-mine the earth: for a particular commodity.

我们的教育体系培养我们的方式正如我们采地球的方式：以目的。

By contrast, utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill would say lying is wrong only when it leads to less happiness overall.

相比之下，主义哲学家约翰·斯图尔特·米尔就表示只有当谎言导致整体幸福感降低时，它才是错误的。

Because you would know being a good utilitarian that taking some, a small amount, he'd scarcely going to notice it, but it will make a huge improvement in the lives and in the welfare of those at the bottom.

因作一个优秀的主义者，你知道收走一些对他们来说根本无关痛痒的钱，却能大大改善社会底层那些人的生活，增加他们的福。

Then I learned about utilitarianism, made famous by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.

接着，我学到主义，因杰里米·边沁和约翰·斯图亚特·密尔而人所知。

To make this decision, you could consider these tests: First is the Utilitarian Test: Utilitarianism is a philosophy concerned with maximizing the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people.

做决定前，你需要思考这些考量：第一是主义者心态的考量：主义与哲学有关，最多的人争取最大的益。

A self-interested utilitarian focus on trade alone is unlikely to bring positive change for either society.

以自我益主，单单注重贸易的主义者不可能给任何社会带来积极的改变。

Would the people in the original position choose to govern their collective lives utilitarian principles, the greatest good for the greatest number?

处在原始状态的人们会不会选择将他们的集体生活置于主义原则之下遵循“最多的人谋求最大的幸福”的原则？

In those cases, utilitarians say it's not morally wrong to lie.

在这些情况下，主义者会说，撒谎在道德上是没有错的。

But times have changed and they were embarrassed to give the true grounds for their objection and so they translated their arguments into utilitarian terms.

但时代不同了，她们羞于讲出反对的真实理由，就转换主义形式表达反对。

In other words, perhaps the utilitarian position understates the moral significance of lying.

换句话说，也许主义立场低估了说谎的道德意义。

And in the original position behind the veil of ignorance, we would recognize that and reject utilitarianism.

当身处无知之幕背后的原始状态时，我们会认识到这一点并拒绝主义。