This is a simple sugar, or monosaccharide.

这结构简单的糖，或者叫单糖。

And second that these sugars impact a good bacterium even though nutrition is not involved.

其二，这些单糖对有益细菌产生了影响，尽管其有为细菌提供养分。”

Now, there is no simple sugar in coffee.

咖啡里有单糖。

Glucose is the most important member of the sugar family and it's a monosaccharide.

葡萄糖糖类大家族中最重要的员，它单糖。

Therefore, it actually burns some calories and doesn't absorb all those simple sugars as rapidly.

因此，它实际上会燃烧掉些卡路里，并有迅速吸所有的单糖。

These include glucose, fructose, and galactose.

单糖的类有葡萄糖、果糖和半乳糖。

Fermentable, Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, And Polyols.

可发酵的寡聚糖，双糖，单糖和多元醇的碳水化合物。

Finally, there's the monosaccharide, galactose, known as milk sugar.

最后还有单糖叫半乳糖，常与乳糖相提并论。

Now, researchers have figured out how simple sugars wipe out a particular strain of beneficial gut microbes.

现在，研究人员已经知道单糖消灭肠道内特殊微生物的方式。

Starches don't taste sweet like simple sugars because they don't activate taste buds in the same way.

淀粉尝有单糖的甜味，因为它们激活味蕾的方式不同。

And if you're gonna go for a snack, the main thing here is don't just reach for simple sugars.

如果要吃点心的话，主要问题不要摄入单糖。

In order for your body to digest lactos, it has to break the bond between these two simple sugars.

为了让你的身体消化乳糖，它必须打破这两单糖之间的连接。

So simple sugars, whether they're natural or added, are mixtures of monosaccharides or disaccharides.

前述的简单糖类，不管天然糖还添加糖，都单糖与双糖的混合物。

Another monosaccharide is fructose which is commonly found in honey, fruits, and root vegetables.

另有单糖称为果糖，通常存在于蜂蜜、水果和根类蔬菜里。

Mono- and disaccharides come from fruits, honey, sugar beets and sugar cane, while polysaccharide starches come from veggies and grains.

单糖和双糖自水果、蜂蜜、甜菜和甘蔗，而多糖淀粉自蔬菜和谷物。

These are maltase, sucrase, and lactase, which break down the short chains of sugars called oligosaccharides into simple sugars, called monosaccharides.

它们包括麦芽糖酶、蔗糖酶与乳糖酶；它们能将称为寡糖的短链聚合糖分解成简单糖类，或称单糖。

If you consistently eat way more than necessary, and most calories are simple carbs, then these will be converted to fat.

如果你不断地吃这些东西，超过了所需的量，大部分能量都由单糖提供，那么这些单糖最后会被转化为脂肪。

Complex carbohydrates, on the other hand, have three or more simple sugars strung together.

另方面，复合碳水化合物由三个或更多的单糖连接而成。

Instead, the sugars serve as signals that shut down production of a protein that beneficial Bacteroides need to colonize the intestine.

相反，单糖作为信号，抑制了有益拟杆菌在肠道内生存所需蛋白质的产生。

When energy is needed - all three monosaccharides are metabolized through glycolysis, then the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

当机体需要能量时，三单糖就会通过糖酵解、三羧酸循环、氧化磷酸化进行能量代谢。