The research, building contexts and sources, but we're not trained for it.

研究，建立背景和料，但是我们没有受过这方面的训练。

Collecting raw material, that is reading books and taking notes, is very much like the process of brainstorming at the prewriting stage of an ordinary essay.

收集料，即读书和记笔记，就像普通文章写作之前，进行头脑风暴的过程。

Academic purists may balk at what they perceive as a chatty " history-lite" approach, but Ms Burke draws all her conclusions from primary sources (many of which she translated from the Italian herself).

学术纯粹主义会认这是一本漫谈式的“轻历史”书，但伯克书中的所有结论都来自料(其中许多是她自己从意大利语翻译而来的)。

There's a common misconception that source material is just there to confirm what we've already said, or just for us to tear down.

有一种常见的误解，认料只是了证实我们已经说过的话，或只是了让我们推翻它。

So I applaud the fact that you are checking the primary sources.

因此，我赞赏你查阅料的做法。

I'm not saying your own, but lots of people don't actually read the original sources.

我不是说你自己，但很多人实际上并没有阅读料。

And you'll see it, for example, in the primary sources in the United States later.

你将在后来的美国料中看到这一点。

Are there any primary sources that recount his early life and career?

有哪些料记载了他的早年生活和职业生涯？

No one had gone into the source materials to investigate it further.

没有人深入料进行进一步调查。

We can only guess at their source material.

我们只猜测他们的料。

So it's really hard to execute them without that primary source.

所以如果没有料，执行起来真的很难。

That's one word they mention here, your primary sources, your secondary sources.

这里他们提到一个词，就是你的料，你的二手料。

Which is why we dove into this really groundbreaking source material today.

这就是什么今天我们深入探讨了这份极具开创性的料。

As we will see later, it is this lack of source material that has  led to speculation for the last four centuries, that Shakespeare did not write all of the  plays which are usually attributed to him.

正如我们稍后将看到的， 正是这种缺乏料的情况， 导致了过去四个世纪以来人们猜测，莎士比亚并非所有通常归于他名下的戏剧的真正作。

Hi, I just wanted to ask if you're lucky enough to have original source material from any of your subjects, diaries, letters, even books, how do you balance their own voice with a fictional interpretation of it?

你好，我想请教的是， 如果你有幸获得了研究对象的料，比如日记、信件甚至书籍， 你如何在这些料的声音与对其进行的小说化诠释之间取得平衡呢？

Ms Quinn's 100-plus pages of footnotes reveal that she relied not only on a wide range of primary sources, but also on scientific studies on climate change and very recent archaeological research.

奎因女士长达100多页的脚注显示， 她不仅依赖广泛的料，还依赖气候变化的科学研究和最近的考古研究。

But I'm still, I'm personally more interested in what happened before all of that, and what the native sources were, to try and back engineer them back as far as we can.

但我个人仍然更感兴趣的是在那之前发生了什么，以及本地的料是什么， 我们尽地尝试追溯它们的源头。

And the most influential way is not to beg or to control them or to tell them they have to, it's to give them the same source material that you have.

最有影响力的方法不是乞求或控制他们或告诉他们他们必须这样做，而是给他们与您拥有的相同的料。

A magical sword called Caledfwlch and a Roman fortress called Caerleon appeared in his source material, so Geoffrey’s Arthur ruled from Caerleon and wielded Caliburnus, the Latin translation of Caledfwlch.

一把名 Caledfwlch 的魔法剑和一座名 Caerleon 的罗马堡垒出现在他的料中，因此 Geoffrey 的亚瑟从 Caerleon 统治并使用 Caliburnus，Caledfwlch 的拉丁翻译。

That one, I will not read out even in the case of it being in a primary source, as that terminology is based completely in derision and hatred.

那个词， 即便是在料中出现， 我也不会读出来，因那种术语完全建立在嘲讽和仇恨之上。