At the center of an atom is its nucleus which has a positive electric charge.

原子中心是它原子核，它带有正荷。

A helium nucleus is a tiny bit lighter than the combined mass of the 4 protons it is made from.

氦原子核虽然由四个质子形成但重量却比四个质子轻一点。

And the nucleus is incredibly tiny compared tothe overall size of the atom.

尽管与整个原子相比，原子核小得不可思议。

Unlike the graceful motion of planets, the atomic nuclei are chaotic blurs.

和优雅地移动星不同，原子核是很混乱。

In fusion, light nuclei merge — or " fuse" — to form one heavier nucleus.

在核聚变过程中，轻原子核合并——或者“聚变”——形成一个较重原子核。

To get some answers, physicists look at neutrinos, fundamental particles emitted during nuclear reactions.

为了得到案，物理学家瞄向了中微子——在原子核反应中射出基础粒子。

Every element has a specific number of electrons surrounding the nucleus.

每一种元素原子核周围都有一定数量子。

Electrons orbiting the nucleus have a negative charge.

围绕原子核运子带负荷。

Around 90% are protons, 9% are helium nuclei, and 1% are heavier nuclei.

约 90% 是质子， 9% 是氦核， 1% 是较重原子核。

It's not in a nucleus at all.

它根本不在原子核里。

Outside the nucleus are electrons which have a negative charge.

原子核外面是带负荷子。

This is where J.J. Thomson discovered the electron, and where Rutherford split the atom.

汤普森在这发现了子，卢瑟福在这分裂出了原子核。

As the fireball cools, unstable atoms created by the nuclear fission mix with the debris to produce the most dangerous long-term effect of a nuclear detonation: radioactive particles called fallout.

当火球温度降下来后，由原子核分裂出来不稳定原子与爆炸产生碎片混合在一起，产生了核爆中更危险长期影响：放射性微粒，也就是沉降物。

So, quantum physics deals with the foundation of our world, the electrons in an atom, the protons inside the nucleus, the quarks that build those protons, and the photons that we perceive as light.

所以，量子物理研究是我们世界基础，原子中子、原子核内质子、构建这些质子夸克、以及我们认为是光光子。

The structures of the electron shells surrounding the nuclei of their atoms are complicated, meaning they are chemically versatile. This is what makes them good catalysts.

它们原子核周围子壳层结构很复杂，这意味着它们具有多种化学用途。这就是它们成为良好催化剂原因。

This is actually a pretty complicated process with lots of steps, but in the end four protons plus some other ingredients get turned into one helium nucleus.

这实际上是一个非常复杂过程，有很多步骤，但最终就是四个质子加上一些其他成分变成了一个氦原子核。

There was also the problem of how protons with their positive charges could bundle together inside the nucleus without blowing themselves and the rest of the atom apart.

还有一个问题，带正荷质子怎么能一起待在原子核里面，而又不把自己及原子其他部分炸得粉碎。

So imagine a giant sphere centred on the atomic nucleus stretching out all the way to that rock and beyond, with just a few points of dust in it.

想象一下，一个巨大球形，以原子核为中心一直能延伸到那座小山其中只有几颗尘土。

Just this very capability of actually being able to observe these motions which are really the fastest outside the atomic core that occur in nature.

正是这种能够观察到这些运动能力，这些运动是自然界中原子核心之外最快运动。

In a fusion reaction, the centers of two atoms fuse, or join together, to form a new atom with a heavier nucleus, or center.

在聚变反应中，两个原子中心融合或结合在一起，形成一个原子核或中心更重新原子。