Reflux and regurgitation, which means food or gastric secretions come back into the throat or mouth.

反流，意味着食物或分泌物回到喉咙或嘴巴里。

Is there associated regurgitation or reflux?

是否有相关的反流？

Symptoms include heartburn, regurgitation, or dysphagia.

症状包括烧心、反流或吞咽困难。

Most frequently, adenocarcinoma develops as a consequence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD for short.

最常见的种情况是食管反流（简称GERD）导致食管腺癌。

So gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus.

，食管反流病，即GERD，指由于过多的酸反流回食管而引起的烧心、反酸等症状。

And it's why alkaline water might be effective against one particular health issue: acid reflux.

酸反流。

Some esophageal defense mechanisms against acid reflux are the primary and secondary peristaltic waves.

些抗酸反流的食管防御机制是初级次级蠕动波。

There are two types of vesicoureteral reflux, or VUR.

膀胱输尿管反流（VUR）有两种类型。

10% will get processed in the stomach and intestines and another 10% gets processed by the kidneys, muscle, and the brain.

10% 在小肠处理，另外 10% 被肾脏，肌肉大脑处理（都不是好事，比如会引起酸反流，肠道发炎泄漏）。

These are for bladder spasms, and these here are for acid reflux.

这些是针对膀胱痉挛的，这些是针对酸反流的。

Now, when the pressure of the lower esophageal gets lower for some reason, reflux persists for longer, becoming pathological.

那么，当食管下段压力由于某种原而降低时，反流持续时间延长，变成病理性的。

An example of diastolic murmurs is aortic valve regurgitation.

舒张期杂音的个例子是主动脉瓣反流。

" Acid reflux? " Brynne looked interested. " Is that a new weapon? "

“酸反流？”布林看上去很感兴趣。 “这是新武器吗？”

It doesn't feel like it's regurgitating.

感觉不像是反流的。

Reducing the consumption of certain foods, not smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight can all dramatically reduce reflux.

减少某些食物的摄入量、不吸烟保持健康的体重都可以显着减少反流。

Things like bones, nails, teeth, fur, feather, all of that will be regurgitated  about 15 hours after feeding.

骨头、指甲、牙齿、毛皮、羽毛，所有这些都会在进食后大约 15 小时内反流。

All these symptoms, especially heartburn and regurgitation, worsen when lying down.

所有这些症状，特别是烧心反流，会在卧位时加剧。

For chronic laryngitis, it's important to treat the underlying issue, for example, using allergy medication, avoiding irritating agents, and using gastroesophageal reflux medications.

对于慢性喉炎，处理原发病很重要，比如施用抗过敏药物、避开过敏原以及施用抗食管反流药物。

The aorta dilates over time, which is a risk for aortic valve insufficiency, where blood leaks back into the left ventricle during diastole.

主动脉逐渐扩张，这是主动脉瓣关闭不全的危险素之；这种情况下，舒张期时血将反流至左心室。

This creates an obstruction that makes it difficult for blood to leave the glomerulus, and increases pressure within the glomerulus leading to hyperfiltration.

这造成血管阻塞，血流难以流出肾小球，导致肾小球内压力增高，出现反流。