During the second phase, also called Weil disease, there may be signs of end-organ damage like jaundice, a cough, dyspnea and hemoptysis, reduced urine output and fluid retention, depending on the affected organs.

在第二阶段，或者韦尔氏（Weil）病阶段，病人可能出现器官损伤的症状，比如黄疸、咳嗽、呼吸困难、咳血、尿量减少、液体潴留等，所出现的症状取决于受累的器官。

Chemokines attract neutrophils to the renal interstitium, but typically the glomeruli and vessels of the kidney are spared.

趋化因子吸引中性粒细胞到达间质，但通常小球和血管不会受累。

Bulging thickened secretions may be present at the orifice of the involved gland.

受累腺体的开口处可出现肿胀、分泌物增加。

In hypertensive emergency, there has shown to be evidence of damage to end organs.

在高血压急症出现时，一些器官就会明显受累。

This most commonly affects the brain, skin, kidneys, lungs, and eyes.

最常见的受累：、、、肺和眼。

This process of adding more repeats is called repeat expansion and it happens way more in the production of sperm than of eggs, so both anticipation and new disease alleles generally happens when the father is the affected parent.

这种序列重复增加称重复序列扩增，精子产生时发生异常的几率比卵子高，因此当父亲受累个体时，会发生早现现象和新的疾病等位基因。

In contrast, in individuals outside Africa, Burkitt lymphoma classically causes extranodal involvement of the abdomen - most often at the ileocecal junction - and is less frequently associated with Epstein Barr virus infection.

相比之下，在非洲以外区域的患者中，伯基特淋巴瘤通常引起腹部的结外受累，最常在回盲部，并且较少与EB病毒感染相关。

That's the stage when individuals usually experience pain, although pain can also occur when the caries lesion involves the dentin layer since sensory nerve fibers travel through tubules in the dentin.

在这个阶段，患者常会感到疼痛，但牙本质层受累产生龋坏时也可能有疼痛产生，因感觉神经也分布在牙本质的管道中。

That includes the olfactory neurons which can results in hyposmia, which is the reduced sense of smell, or anosmia which is the complete loss of smell.

其包括嗅觉神经元受累，可导致嗅觉减退，即对气味感知减退，或嗅觉丧失，即对气味感知丧失。

These tumors are classified based on their location in the lung apices rather than on the type of lung cancer they emerge from.

这类肿瘤分类基于肺部受累部位即肺尖（肺的顶部），而不是根据它们引发的肺癌病理分类。

This makes the part of the spine that's affected immobile, and sometimes that can be the entire spine.

这会使脊柱的受累部分无法活动，有时甚至累及整个脊柱。

The staging is based on the extent of nodal and extranodal involvement.

分期是基于淋巴结和结外受累的程度。

In the second phase, signs and symptoms depend on the affected organ.

在第二阶段，症状由受累器官决定。

Affected people are typically present in each generation, because an affected person (male or female) has a 50% chance of passing on the affected gene to a child, which causes that child to have the disease.

通常，患病家族每一代都有受累个体，因患者（不论男女）均有50%的机会将致病基因遗传给孩子，从而导致子代患上这种疾病。

If a pulmonary embolism occurs, it can cause sudden shortness of breath and chest pain, and depending on the amount of lung tissue affected, it can even be fatal.

当肺栓塞发生时，可导致突发性的呼吸困难和胸痛，甚至可能致死，这主要取决于受累的肺有多少。

Myasthenia gravis preferentially affects young women or older men and commonly affects the extraocular muscles leading to eyelid drooping or double vision, but it might affect any skeletal muscle.

年轻女性和老年男性容易患重症肌无力，最常见的症状是眼外肌受累导致复视或眼睑下垂，还会影响其他骨骼肌细胞。

Segmental means that only a segment, or part of the glomeruli is affected, and focal means that among all those glomeruli in the kidney, only some are affected.

节段性，意思是只有小球的一部分受累；局灶性，是指在所有小球中，只有部分小球受累。

This leads to malabsorption of water and nutrients, and can cause a wide variety of symptoms depending on the section of bowel involved.

这会导致水和营养吸收不良，不同节段肠道受累后表现的症状有很大不同。

Other parts of the body can be affected too, like the eye, which can cause anterior uveitis.

身体的其他部位也会受累，例如眼部受累可引起前葡萄膜炎。

Following imaging studies, esophageal cancer is staged according to the TNM system, where T means tumor size and local extension, N stands for lymph node metastases and M stands for distant metastases.

完成影像学检查后，食管癌要根据TNM系统进行分期：T代表肿瘤大小和邻近受累范围，N代表淋巴结转移，M代表远端转移。