They have chloroplasts, that combine carbon dioxide and water, with light energy from the sun, to create oxygen and sugar, a form of chemical energy.

植物细胞有叶绿，可以结合二氧化碳和水，只要有来自太阳能量，就可以制造氧和糖，这属于化学能量。

Instead, they modified the DNA in the chloroplasts-organelles responsible for photosynthesis, not reproduction.

，们修改了叶绿中DNA，叶绿是负责光合作用而不是繁殖细胞器。

Today, every single plant has cells like this, full of chloroplasts and mitochondria.

今天，每一株植物都有这样细胞，充满叶绿和线粒。

Plant cells also contain chloroplasts which are filled with a chemical called chlorophyll.

植物细胞还包含叶绿，里面充满了一种叫做叶绿素化学物质。

Their veins shuttle nutrients in and out of the leaf, and the cells in between are packed full of chloroplasts, the cellular machines responsible for photosynthesis.

它们叶脉将营养物质进出叶片，叶脉之间细胞充满了叶绿，叶绿是负责光合作用细胞机器。

Over time, that evolved into a chloroplast, the organelle that does photosynthesis.

随着时间，它们进化成叶绿，也就是进行光合作用细胞器。

What makes Elysia and a few closely related species in the Mediterranean and Pacific unique is how long they can hold onto chloroplasts — most other slugs keep them for a few weeks at most.

让绿叶海天牛及少数近种群，成为地中海和太平洋中独一无二存在，它们能够将叶绿保存足够久——其大部分鼻涕虫最多能保存几周。

Finally, let's look at the chloroplast.

最后是叶绿。

Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells and contain chlorophyll.

叶绿仅存在于植物细胞内，而且含有叶绿素。

And we know that this happened for a bunch of different reasons, from similarities in chloroplasts' and bacteria's DNA, to chloroplasts' two membranes, which support the theory that they were once engulfed by a larger cell.

我们知道发生这种情况有很多不同原因，从叶绿和细菌 DNA 似性，到叶绿两层膜，这支持了它们曾经被一个更大细胞吞没理论。

This makes the chloroplasts able to sustain themselves for longer inside the slug.

这使得叶绿能够在鼻涕虫内维持更长时间。

Simple plant cells may have only one or two chloroplasts in them.

简单植物细胞可能仅有一个或两个叶绿。

For one thing, plant cells contain chloroplasts, which are organelles that convert carbon dioxide gas from the air into sugars using energy from the Sun — AKA, photosynthesis.

首先，植物细胞含有叶绿，叶绿是利用来自太阳能量将空气中二氧化碳气转化为糖细胞器，也就是光合作用。

Some of these tiny plants were not digested and lived on in the animal cells, eventually giving rise to chloroplasts.

这些微小植物并无法消化和吸收这些动物细胞，最终形成了叶绿。

Tripos is in turn eaten by other mixotrophic algae, providing frequent opportunity for exchange of organelles such as chloroplasts.

角藻又被其混合营养藻类吞食，为叶绿等细胞器交换提供频繁机会。

You won't find chloroplasts in animals — they're more of a plant thing. You wouldn't understand, Blobfish.

你在动物身上找不到叶绿——它们更像是植物组成部分。你不会明白，水滴鱼。

Each leaf parenchyma cell can hold hundreds of chloroplasts — that's where all the photosynthesis happens and what gives leaves their signature green color.

每个薄壁细胞可以容纳数百个叶绿——这是光合作用发生地方，也是树叶标志性绿色来源。

Meanwhile, the slug adjusts its gene expression to improve its relationship with the chloroplasts and removes damaged plastids to avoid accumulation of potentially damaging chemicals.

与此同时，鼻涕虫通过调整自身基因表达改进与叶绿互作用并去除受损质，从而避免具有潜在破坏性化合物累积。

Chloroplasts need things that the algae provide to themthat animals shouldn't be able to do.

叶绿需要藻类为它们提供动物无法提供东西。

Chloroplasts engage in photosynthesis and are restricted to algae and plants.

叶绿进行光合作用，仅存在于藻类和植物中。