In this case, the Myc gene is translocated from chromosome 8 where it ends up adjacent to IgH promoter on chromosome 14 and again that upregulates its expression.

在这种情况下，MYC基因从8号易位至14号，最终与14号上的IgH启动子相邻，这也上调了它的表达。

CpG islands are found in most promoter regions of genes which are the DNA sequences responsible for the initiation of gene transcription.

CpG岛位于绝大部分启动子区域，是一组负责始的DNA序列。

As a result, an the BCL2 gene from chromosome 18 is placed after the immunoglobulin heavy chain promoter on chromosome 14, and that results in overexpression of bcl-2.

因此，一个来自18号的BCL2基因被易位到14号的免疫球蛋白重链启动子后，导致BCL-2过表达。

In this case, the BCL1 gene from chromosome 11 ends up next to the immunoglobulin promoter on chromosome 14, which again upregulates its expression.

在这种情况下，11号上的BCL1基因易位至14号，与14号上的免疫球蛋白启动子相邻，后者上调了BCL1基因的表达。

Above that they'll have a regulatory sequence called a promoter.

在其上方，它们会拥有一个被称为启动子的调控序列。

In eukaryotes, if the introduced genes are derived from another organism, the resulting transgenic plants or animals can be propagated by normal breeding.

基因羊已经被生产了出来，可以通过它们的奶生产有价值的蛋白。目的基因需要羊的启动子（酪蛋白或乳清蛋白）以确保在乳腺中表达。从奶中纯化蛋白要比从培养的细胞中纯化蛋白要容易的多。

An operator sits right between the promoter and the genes.

操纵子位于启动子和基因之间。

In humans two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FOS promoter were found to be associated with knee-OA susceptibility.

在人类中，发现FOS启动子中的两个单核苷酸多态性与膝骨关节炎的易感性有关。

An example of a regulatory sequence, I'll talk about is called a promoter.

我要讨论的一个调控序列的例子叫做启动子。