So now the scenario is nitrogen-fixing maize, nitrogen-fixing rice.

所以现的情况是固氮玉米，固氮水稻。

So the future for nitrogen-fixing cereal crops is looking bright.

因此，固氮谷类作物的景一片光明。

Hopefully in my lifetime, nitrogen-fixing maize commercially available around the world.

希望我有生之年，固氮玉米可以界买到。

Based on genetic evidence, scientists have thought that nitrogenase first evolved around 2 billion years ago.

科学家们基于基因遗传证据认为约20亿年固氮酶就已经完成了第一次进化。

Van Deynze says early plant breeders may have inadvertently got rid of corn's nitrogen-fixing proficiency long ago.

范·德恩兹表示，早期植物育种家可能很早之就无意中去除了玉米的固氮能力。

They found that it's packed with nitrogen-fixing bacteria usually found in the soil.

他们发现它充满了通常土壤中发现的固氮细菌。

An earlier arrival for nitrogenase also may mean that the enzyme evolves more easily than was previously believed.

固氮酶存时间的提也可能揭示酶的发展比科学家早的更为简单。

Rhizobia is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria up to 3 micrometers long and without it, that sort of agricultural production is impossible.

根瘤菌是一种长达3微米的固氮菌，没有它，不可能实现这种农业生产规模的。

Sputnik Planitia is mainly composed of slowly churning frozen nitrogen, and we've never seen anything like it in our solar system.

史波尼克高原主要由缓慢搅动的固氮组成，我们从来没有太阳系中见过类似的事物。

Another firm, Pivot Bio of Berkeley, California, is concentrating on nitrogen fixation.

另一家位于加州伯克利的公司Pivot Bio则专注于固氮技术。

Now, unfortunately, the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis is limited to legumes like that soybean and their relatives.

遗憾的是，目固氮共生仅限于大豆及其近缘的豆科植物。

Cowpea is actually a nitrogen-fixing crop related to soybean, and it produces, like soybean, a protein-rich seed.

豇豆实为一种与大豆相关的固氮作物，其种子富含蛋白质，与大豆相似。

But if we're going to really cure our addiction to inorganic fertilizers, we also need the nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiosis.

但若要真正戒除对无机肥料的依赖，我们还需依赖固氮细菌的共生关系。

So we are working on transferring that nitrogen-fixing symbiosis from legumes to our cereal crops.

因此，我们正致力于将这种固氮共生关系从豆科植物转移到我们的谷类作物上。

Rhizobia is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria up  to 3 micrometers long and without it, that sort of agricultural production is impossible.

根瘤菌是一种固氮细菌， 长达3微米， 没有它，这种农业产量是不可能实现的。

But researchers at the University of Washington now have evidence for the existence of nitrogenase in bacteria going back some 3.2 billion years.

但华盛顿大学研究人员的证据表明早约32亿年固氮酶就存于细菌中。

One, observing that legumes grow special root nodules to house nitrogen-fixing bacteria, is to reshape the roots of cereals.

一项观察表明， 豆科植物会长出特殊的根瘤来容纳固氮细菌，因此可以重塑谷物的根部。

But most of the biosphere's usable nitrogen is the result of bacteria employing an enzyme called nitrogenase to pull nitrogen out of the air.

但生物圈中的大部分可用氮都是细菌利用一种名为固氮酶的酶氮气从空气中分离出来的。

When planted alongside a crop such as maize, a cocktail of these bugs provides an instant nitrogen-fixing rhizosphere for each seedling.

当这虫子的混合物与玉米等作物一起种植时，它们会为每株幼苗提供一个即时固氮的根际。

Essentially, the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis is really just a modified form of the mycorrhizal fungal symbiosis with a few tweaks.

本质上，固氮共生关系实际上只是菌根真菌共生关系的一种改良形式，经过了几处调整。