We've come a very long way from the early exploration of the world by sailing ships when geographers only had pens and paper at their disposal.

们从早期通过航行的地球探测经过了很长时间才到了现在，那时的地理学家只有纸笔可用。

And thank you to Coach Williams World Geography's second hour from Bethany, Oklahoma for selecting this Wednesday's word perfidious, which means deceitful and untrustworthy.

感谢俄克拉荷马州贝瑟尼的威廉姆世界地理学第二课时的教练，选择了今天的词汇" perfidious" ，意思是" 欺诈和不可信赖" 。

And so I set out to create a book, supported by the National Geographic Society, on the weirdest, wackiest plants we could find in one of the most biodiverse regions in the world: India's very own Western Ghats.

于是在国家地理学会的支持下，写一本书，记录们能在世界上生物多样性最丰富的地区 —— 印度自己的西高止山脉 —— 找到的最奇、最古怪的植物。

You will hear two geography students talking.

你将听到两个地理学学生的对话。

Moroccan geographer said the most difficult thing about English for him is the future.

一位来自摩洛哥的地理学家说，英语对他来说最困难的地方就是将来式。

It's a spectacular... speaking as a professional geographer, spectacular landscape. You know, different, obviously to the south Downs, or Chichester Harbour or Dungeness. But, very, very, obviously, dramatic; mountains and hard rock.

这是一个壮观的......作为一个专业的地理学家来说，壮观的景观。与南唐、奇港或邓杰内明显不同。但是，这里非常、非常、明显，充满了戏剧性；高山和坚硬的岩石。

At last a long article appeared, on the 7th of October, in the bulletin of the Royal Geographical Society, which treated the question from every point of view, and demonstrated the utter folly of the enterprise.

但是没有多久，这家报纸的论调似乎也消沉下去了。事实是这样的：10月7日英国皇家地理学会的会刊登载了一篇很长的论文，从各方面论证了八十天绕地球一周的问题。

Although municipal water managers are reluctant to talk publicly about the issue, " they're very worried, " says Deepak Mishra, an associate professor of geography at the University of Georgia who studies the global distribution of harmful algal blooms.

虽然市政供水管理人员不愿公谈论这个问题，“但他们非常担心，”乔治亚大学研究有害藻华全球分布的地理学副教授迪帕克·米什拉说。

" People sometimes call phytoplankton – which is algae in the water – the forests of the sea, " says Karen Frey, a professor of geography specialising in polar science at Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts.

“人们有时把浮游植物——水中的藻类——称为海洋森林，”马萨诸塞州伍克拉克大学专攻极地科学的地理学教授卡伦·弗雷说。

Penned in Greek on a papyrus scroll, the work, known as the “Geography”, is one of the most famous ancient texts on the science of mapmaking.

该书用希腊文书写在一卷莎草上，这部被称为《地理学》的著作是地图制图学方面最著名的古文献之一。

Carter had a close relationship with the National Geographic Society and, in 2000, he explained his ethos in an address at Nat Geo headquarters.

卡与国家地理学会有着密的关系，2000年，他在国家地理学会总部的一次演讲中阐述了自己的理念。

Despite being absolutely ginormous, it wasn't discovered until 1994 when British explorers from the Royal Geographic Society just happened to find it.

尽管别大，然而直到1994年它才被发现，还是英国皇家地理学会的探险家们意外发现的。

Gary Watmough is a geographer at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland and the lead writer of a report on the study.

盖里？沃姆是苏格兰爱丁堡大学的地理学家，也是这项研究报告的主要作者。

This idea helped to forever establish him as the father of biogeography, the study of the distribution of living things.

这个想法帮助他永远确立了生物分布研究，也就是生物地理学之父的地位。

In practice, a combination of economics and geography means that much of its infrastructure is concentrated in a comparatively small number of places.

实际上，说它是经济学和地理学的结合，其意为它将众多的基础设施集中于相对少数的空间内。

" Geographical" and " geographic" are both equally popular.

“地理的”和“地理学的”两者同样流行。

So it would be another example of biogeography.

因此，这将是生物地理学的另一个例证。

Investigate the key aspects of human geography including types of settlements and land use.

• 调查人文地理学的关键方面， 包括定居点类型和土地利用。

So the ancients were amazingly good at astronomy, date calculation, and there was a geographer from the Hellenistic period, so this is kind of later on into Greek history, called Eratosthenes, and he gave a date for the Trojan War.

所以古人在天文学和日期计算方面非常出色，有一个来自希腊化时期的地理学家，这在希腊历史上算是比较晚的时期，名叫埃拉托色尼， 他给出了洛伊战争的一个日期。

Drawing borders is tricky because they mean a lot to the people who live there, and it's something our own geographers face here at National Geographic, even with all the benefits of modern satellite imagery.

划定边界很棘手， 因为这对居住在那里的人们意义重大，甚至对于们国家地理的地理学家来说也是如此，尽管他们拥有现代卫星图像的所有优势。