Perhaps future astronomers will note whether its dark matter shroud once again saves the cloud.

也许，未来的科学家就可以确定是不是壳层保护了暗物质云免受撞击带来的伤害了。

It's a bright shell of radiation that we are encased in.

它是我们所处的明亮辐射壳层。

And then you start filling the second energy shell.

然填充第二能级壳层。

And sometimes we have to go to the shell model however to explain new phenomena.

然而, 有时我们必须使用壳层模型来解释新的现象。

The resulting positive and negative ions are held together by electrostatic forces a process called ionic bonding The repetitive order in which the shells are filled in each row means that elements in each column of the table.

形成的正离子和负离子通静电作用力结合在一起，这个程称为离子键合。每行中电子壳层依次填充的重复顺序意味着表格中每一列的元素。

For example chemists who use " wrong" electron shell models  to work out chemical bonds or scientists using simplified models as the basis of discussions with  colleagues across different scientific fields.

，化学家使用“错误”的电子壳层模型来计算化学键，或者科学家们在不同科学领域与同事讨论时使用简化的模型。

Chemical reactions happen when an atom's outermost electrons do stuff, and the protons and neutrons and even the inner electron shells are usually completely unaffected.

当原子的最外层电子做事时就会发生化学反应，而质子和中子甚至内层电子壳层通常完全不受影响。

Some thought it was hollow, maybe a set of concentric shells with life on each  ring.

有人认为地球是空心的，或许是由一系列同心壳层构成，每一层都有生命存在。

And then it would have 8 electrons in the next shell.

然在下一个壳层中会有 8 个电子。

They form from overlapping electron clouds or shells, flowing around the nuclei of bonded atoms. If you really get down there and understand what they look like, they're like lumpy, clumpy globs of probable electron locations.

它们由重叠的电子云或电子壳层形成，围绕着结合原子的核流动。 果你深入理解它们的样子， 它们就像一团团不规则的概率电子位置分布。

It is the shells that define the table's rows In the first row, which consists of hydrogen one electron and helium two.

是电子壳层定义了表格的行。在第一行中，包含氢的一个电子和氦的两个电子。

And then, of course, it filled up at the first shell before it could fill up these other shells.

当然，它在填满其他壳层之前，先填满了第一壳层。

It'll maybe go into this shell out here.

它可能会进入这个壳层。

We're in the first energy shell.

我们在第一能级壳层。

And so the first electron will go right here in the 1s energy shell.

那么第一个电子将会进入1s能级壳层。

And what does that first orbital subshell, that s-shell, look like?

那么第一个亚层轨道，也就是s壳层，是什么样子的？

It'll be like this shell that's around the center.

它将像围绕中心的一个壳层那样。

And you can see it a little bit better in, actually, the higher energy orbits, the higher energy shells, where the seventh s energy shell is this red area.

实际上， 在更高能量的轨道或更高能量的壳层中， 你可以更清楚地看到这一点，第七个s能级壳层就是这片红色区域。

And now you see that helium, you get 1s and then you get 2s, so helium's configuration is -- Sorry, you get 1s1, then 1s2.

而现在你看氦元素，你先得到1s，然是1s1，接着是1s2。我们在第一能级壳层。

That's where the eight rule breaks down in the first shell.

那是第一壳层中八隅律失效的地方。