1.Affected individuals have a 50% chance of passing on the altered gene to their child, causing that child to have the disease.

受累个体有50％的几率将突变的基因传给子代，从而导致子代患病。

2.Paradoxically, though, it is a bit hazy on the actual subject of its title, namely how parent species spin off new, daughter species.

然而矛盾的是，它对标的实——即母物种是如何衍生出新子代物种——有点含糊不清。

3.A stem cell is one that, when it divides, spins off some offspring that remain as stem cells while others turn into functional tissue.

干细是一种分化的细，其子代细是干细、也是功能性组织。

4.During cell division, Cyphoderia actually builds a second shell and then squirts new cell material into that shell to create its daughters.

在细分裂过程中，Cyphoderia 实上会构建第二个外壳，然后将新的细材料喷射到该外壳中创建其子代。机翻

5.Oh... I see... It's not like a virus— the gene drive can only spread when a mosquito reproduces and only to its offspring.

哦...我明白了...这不像病毒那样——基因驱动只有在蚊子繁殖时才能传播，并且仅限于其子代。机翻

6.Affected people are typically present in each generation, because an affected person (male or female) has a 50% chance of passing on the affected gene to a child, which causes that child to have the disease.

通常，患病家族每一代都有受累个体，因为患者（不论男女）均有50%的机会将致病基因遗传给孩子，从而导致子代患上这种疾病。