We are very keen to develop a test for endometriosis using menstrual blood.

我们非常热衷于利用月经血开发一种宫内膜异位症的检测方法。

Blood and tissue leave the body, forming the period.

血液和脱落的宫内膜离开身体，形月经。

Lower levels of estrogen would lower the risk of breast and endometrial cancers.

雌性激素水平较低降低患乳腺癌和宫内膜癌的风险。

During puberty, waves of estrogen and progesterone regulate primary sex characteristics, like monthly changes to the ovary stroma to promote egg maturation and ovulation, and changes to the uterine wall lining as part of the menstrual cycle.

在青春期，雌激素和孕酮水平的波动调节第一性征，如每月卵巢基质的变化促进了卵和排卵，以及作为月经周期一部分的宫内膜的变化。

If the egg is fertilized and embeds itself in the thick uterine lining, the lining is not shared, and thus menstruation does not occur and the woman becomes pregnant.

如果卵受精并嵌入到厚的宫内膜中，内膜不被共享，因此月经不发生，女性孕。

The rising estrogen levels in the follicles stimulate the regeneration of the endometrium, building a cushy, well-vascularized habitat for another potential fertilized egg to call home.

卵泡中雌激素水平的上升刺激宫内膜的再生，为另一个潜在的受精卵建立一个舒适、血管发达的栖息地。

If fertilization doesn't occur, the spiral arteries collapse, and the superficial layers of the endometrium die.

如果卵没有受精，螺旋动脉将收缩，宫内膜的表层也因此凋亡。

During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium thickens in case fertilization occurs, during the luteal phase, spiral arteries emerge to bring more nutrients to support the thick endometrium.

在月经周期中的卵泡期，宫内膜变厚，有助于受精；黄体期，螺旋动脉产生可以为增厚的宫内膜提供更多养分。

But we have a few athletes that have really severe endometriosis.

但我们有几位运动员患有非常严重的宫内膜异位症。

It's like Hey, how's your uterine lining?

像在说：“嘿，你的宫内膜怎么样了？”

And given how little attention female health gets in general, like there are more studies done on male baldness than PCOS and endometriosis combined, like, I think we could do with a little bit more visibility for female health concerns.

鉴于女性健康问题在整体上受到的关注如此之少， 例如，针对男性秃头的研究数量超过了对多囊卵巢综合症（PCOS）和宫内膜异位症研究的总和，我认为我们应该为女性健康问题争取更多的关注和可见度。

The tricky part is women who have a hormonal IUD, a hysterectomy, or have had an endometrial ablation aren't menstruating, so they don't know when their periods are going to change.

棘手的是，那些使用激素宫内节育器、已接受宫切除术或宫内膜消融术的女性不再有月经，因此她们无法察觉自己的月经周期何时发生变化。

But it's also that the lining of our uterus, the endometrial lining, starts building up before it even gets the signal that a fertilized egg's coming down the tube, OK?

但我们的宫内膜，即宫内膜，甚至在收到受精卵从输卵管下来的信号之前开始形，好吗？

You could have a condition called endometriosis, where the lining of the uterus is growing in the pelvic cavity, causing inflammation and scar tissue and adhesions.

你可能患有一种叫做宫内膜异位症的疾病，这种情况下宫内膜在盆腔内生长， 导致炎症、瘢痕组织和粘连。

There's actually only 20 new potential treatments in clinical trials for endometriosis, compared to about 580 that are currently in clinical trials for diabetes.

实际上， 针对宫内膜异位症的临床试验中新潜在治疗方法仅有20种，相比之下， 目前处于临床试验阶段的糖尿病治疗方法约有580种。

So over the years, she's documented her experience with endometriosis, as well as her surgeries to remove early cancer cells from her breasts.

多年来， 她记录了自己与宫内膜异位症的斗争经历，以及为了切除乳房中早期癌细胞而进行的手术。

There, it requires another three or so days to implant firmly into the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus.

在那里， 还需要大约三天的时间才能牢固地植入宫内膜，即宫的内膜层。

So you might be getting more estrogen than you need, which could put you at risk for endometrial cancer.

所以你可能摄入比你需要更多的雌激素，这可能让你有患宫内膜癌的风险。

Oh, fun fact, women with endometriosis, it's caused by bacterial leak through the wall of the gut.

有趣的是，宫内膜异位症的因是细菌透过肠道壁渗漏所致。

Once burrowed in the uterine lining, the rapidly dividing fertilized egg's own DNA guides its growth.

一旦嵌入宫内膜，快速分裂的受精卵自身的DNA引导其生长。