But first, what is a functional group?

但是首先，什么是官？

Using these two extra elements, we're going to talk about seven exciting and different functional groups.

使用这两个额外的元素，我们将讨论七种激动人心且各不相同的官。

By functional group I mean an alcohol group or ketone group or aldehyde group or acid group.

当我提到官时，指的是醇基、酮基、醛基或羧酸基。

Two important notes here, if the parent functional group is on carbon one we just leave the number off.

这里有两个重要的注意事项， 如果父官在碳一上， 我们就把数字掉。

Well the same thing goes for the ethene functional group, which is called a vinyl group.

同样的事情也适用于乙烯官， 它被称为乙烯基。

The first and most familiar oxygen-based functional group is the alcohol, a terminal " -OH" .

第一个也是最熟悉的含氧官是醇，它有一个末端的“-OH”。

There can be functional groups inside of functional groups.

官部可以包含其他官。

Any side chains or functional groups sticking off the side have to be identified and named.

必须识别和命名任何从侧面伸出的侧链或官。

When working with functional groups, each one adds a particular suffix to the end of the name of a compound.

使用官时， 每个官都会在化物名称的末尾添加一个特定的后缀。

Now, acetone is just a name of that one chemical, not the functional group itself.

现在，丙酮只是一个化学物质的名称，并不是官本身。

And those are the seven functional groups that we're going to talk about.

这些都是我们将要讨论的七种官。

So yeah, when we have a carbonyl in the middle of a carbon chain, that is a ketone functional group.

所以是的，当我们在碳链中间有一个羰基时， 那就是酮官。

In fact, if you look at all these oxygen based functional groups you'll see that they're all very closely related.

事实上，如果你看看所有这些以氧为基础的官， 你会发现它们都密切相关。

Organic compounds that include these functional groups have various wonderful names: wood alcohol, cinnamaldehyde, and cadaverine.

包含这些官的有机化物有着各种奇妙的名字：木醇、肉桂醛和尸胺。

All of these things can be accomplished by simple organic compounds with different functional groups sticking off of them!

所有这些都可以通过具有不同官的简单有机化物来实现！

We also sometimes call the area of unconcern the " R group" as opposed to the " functional group" where the business is getting done.

我们有时也将不关心的区域称为“R基”，相对于实际发生反应的“官”。

The chemical parameters that we used for instance it was the molecular weight of compound, or the fact that the compound possesses or not some functional groups.

博维：我们使用的化学参数例如化物的分子量，或者化物是否具有某些官。

Now we only have two more oxygen-based functional groups that we're gonna talk about, These are groups that have internal oxygens bonded directly to carbons.

现在我们只剩下两种含氧的官要讲了，这些官部的氧直接与碳原子相连。

They do this by giving prefixes to compounds for the number of carbons in a chain, suffixes based on parent functional groups, and ranking functional groups somewhat arbitrarily for precedence.

他们通过为链中碳原子数的化物添加前缀、基于母体官的后缀以及在某种程度上任意排列官的优先级来做到这一点。

And we've talked about functional groups before, but just to review, functional groups are basically just an arrangement of atoms that are present in a molecule that generally function similarly.

我们之前讨论过官，但为了复习一下， 官基本上就是分子中一组原子的排列， 它们通常具有相似的功。