And that's when they're used in relative clauses to introduce adjective clauses.

那就是在形容词性的定语从里面。

So the participle is just a reduced adjective clause.

个分词就是个定语从的省略形式。

When the relative pronoun represents the object of the relative clause, such as in sentences b) and d) , it can be left out.

当关系代词指定了定语从中的宾语，比如第二和第四，它就可以被省略。

One kind of dependent clause is the adjective clause. It gives more information about a noun.

定语从是从的一种，它提供了更多与名词相关的信息。

The last relative pronoun " what" can also be used in relative clauses, but it is different.

最后一个关系代词 “what” 也可以用于定语从中，但是它比较特别。

Defining relative clauses such as these specify which noun we are talking about.

像子就是限定性定语从了，限定了我们所讨论的名词是哪个。

However, if it represents the subject of the relative clause, such as in a) and c) , it cannot be left out.

但是，如果它指代的是定语从中的主语，就像第一和第三，它就不能被省略。

" Whom" is a relative pronoun used for people, but only when they are the object of the relative clause!

“Whom” 是用于指代 “人” 的关系代词，但是只有当它是定语从的宾语时才使用。

If it is at the end of the relative clause, the sentence is less formal.

如果它出现在定语从末，子就会不那么正式。

They use the relative pronouns " who" and " which" .

限定性定语从会用到关系代词 “who” 和 “which”。

So, if you don't know what a relative clause is, that's okay.

所以，如果你不知道什么是定语从，也没关系。

So, we have relative clauses in there.

所以，那里有定语从。

Easy ways to distinguish between defining and non-defining relative clauses, so we don't need to be afraid of them anymore.

轻松区分限定性定语从和非限定性定语从的方法，样我们就不再害怕它们了。

In defining relative clauses we often use " that" instead of " who" , " whom" or " which" .

在定义定语从时，我们经常用“that”代替“who”、“whom”或“which”。

The taxi is a small Swiss airplane called a Pilatus Porter .

分词作定语Done 作定语。

The best test for locating an attributive is to speak the sentence aloud.

定位定语的最佳测试是大声说出子。

So, let's have a closer look at the grammar of relative clauses.

那么，让我们仔细看看定语从的语法。

Anyway, here the relative clause, that my mother gave me, tells us which t-shirt Finn is talking about.

总之， 里的定语从“我妈妈给我的”指明了芬恩谈论的是哪件T恤。

That type of clause is sometimes called a restrictive clause, or an essential clause, or a defining clause.

那种从有时被称为限制性从，或必要性从，或定语从。

'Who she met at the party' is absolutely necessary and is a defining relative clause.

'她在聚会上遇到的人' 是绝对必要的，是一个限定性定语从。