What is the only animal species in the Genus Rhincodon?

属于鲸鲨密子属中唯一的动物是哪一个？

Three base codons on the mRNA code for one amino acid.

一个氨基酸的 mRNA 上的三个碱基密子。

The words in which the instructions are written are called codons, and the letters are known as bases.

指令中所写的词称为密子，词中的一个个字母称为碱基。

The 3 base codes are known as codons. So GGT is a " codon" for Glycine.

这三个碱基称为密子。所以 GGT 是甘氨酸的“密子”。

Stop signals When a ribosome reads a codon.

终止信号 当核糖体读取一个密子时。

So for example, we replaced the TCG and TCA codons, which encode the amino acid serine, with AGT and AGC codons, which also encode the amino acid serine.

因此，例如，我们将氨基酸丝氨酸的 TCG 和 TCA 密子，替换为氨基酸丝氨酸的 AGT 和 AGC 密子。

The most common HER2 mutation, accounting for 80- 90% of all HER2 mutations, occurs in exon 20: a duplication or insertion of the amino acids YVMA at codon 776 (YVMA 776-779 ins).

最常见的 HER2 突变（占所有 HER2 突变的 80-90%）发生在外显子 20：密子 776 处氨基酸 YVMA 的重复或插入（YVMA 776-779 ins）。

Specifically, we could remove components of the translational machinery, specific tRNAs, that normally read the codons that we've removed from the genome.

具体来说，我们可以移除转化体系的成分，即特定的转运 RNA，它们通常会读取我们从基因组中移除的密子。

We first took the four-million-character code in a computer and used a find-and-replace operation to replace targeted codons with their synonyms.This created our new genome design, which contained more than 18,000 changes with respect to the original genome.

我们首先在计算机中获取了 400 万个字符的代，并使用查找和替换操作将目标密子替换为它们的同义词。这创建了我们新的基因组设计，其中包含相对于原始基因组的 18,000 多个变化。

The paper gives some fascinating examples. Evo2 can accurately predict the three-base periodicity pattern of codons.

这篇论文提供了一些引人入胜的例子。Evo2可以准确预测密子的三碱基周期性模式。

By changing the order of the triplet codons in the synthetic DNA, we can change the order of the chemical building blocks that we program into the resulting polymer.

通过改变合成 DNA 中三联体密子的顺序，我们可以改变我们在生成的聚合物中程的化学构件的顺序。

And triplet codons that encode the same amino acid are defined as synonymous codons.

相同氨基酸的三联体密子定义为同义密子。

Sometimes, the third base in a codon can vary without changing which amino acid it codes for.

有时，密子中的第三个碱基可以发生变化，而不会改变它的氨基酸。

Codons are like the words in the DNA language, and each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid, which are the building blocks of proteins. This periodicity, the way codons are arranged, is fundamental to the genetic code.

密子就像DNA语言中的词，每个密子对应一个特定的氨基酸，氨基酸是蛋白质的组成部分。这种周期性，即密子的排列方式，对于遗传密至关重要。

Now because our organism with a compressed genetic code doesn't use all 64 triplet codons to make proteins, we could remove some of the machinery from the cell that normally reads the near-universal genetic code.

现在，由于我们具有浓缩遗传密的生物体，不使用所有 64 个三联体的密子来制造蛋白质，我们可以从细胞中移除一些通常读取近乎普遍的遗传密的机制。

And this means that most amino acids are encoded by more than one triplet codon.

这意味着大多数氨基酸由不止一个三联体密子。

So, for example, the amino acid serine is encoded by six different triplet codons.

因此，例如，氨基酸丝氨酸由六个不同的三联体密子。

Now, the key point here is that we've created a cell that no longer reads all the codons in the near-universal genetic code.

现在，这里的关键点是我们已经创建了一个不再读取近乎通用的遗传密中的所有密子的细胞。

So, for example, the triplet codon TCG encodes the amino acid serine.

因此，例如，三联密子 TCG 氨基酸丝氨酸。

For example, does life need six different codons, which all code for the amino acid serine?

例如，生命是否需要六个不同的密子，它们都氨基酸丝氨酸？