And eventually, it got added to toothpaste, which works topically.

最终，氟化物被添加到牙膏中，通过局部作发挥效果。

Ear Drops. Antibiotic ear drops are used. They're combined with steroids which have local anti-inflammatory effect.

滴耳液，使抗生素滴耳液。它们与类固醇结合，有局部消炎作。

Well, maybe not permanent yet, but more sustained or localized.

嗯，许还不能永久生效，但可以更持久或局部作。

But these jammers only work in a localized area.

赫吉: 但是这器只在局部区域起作。

So, it has both localized and systemic effects depending on how someone wanted to use it.

因此，它既有局部作，有全身性效果，体取决于使者的需求。

These cells release regulatory hormones, like serotonin and histamine, which act locally to trigger other cells, to, say, release more acid, or contract muscle tissue.

这细胞释放调节激素，如血清素和组胺，它们在局部起作，触发其他细胞，比如说，释放更多的酸，或者收缩肌肉组织。

So the real question is, " What is happening? " How is the local action of anesthetics affect global brain dynamics so as to explain this disappearance of consciousness?

所以真正的问题是，“发生了什么？”麻醉剂的局部作如何影响整体大脑动力学，从而解释这种意识消失？

But if you see the breakdown of the side effects, you see that most of the side effects reported with combination therapy have to do with the local symptoms like dysuria, polycuria, hematuria.

但若细究副作的分类，你会发现联合治疗报告的大多数副作与局部症状相关，如排尿困难、尿频和血尿等。

And there were already like some studies suggesting that the effect of this glucagon-like peptide, it was actually not through the circulation, but more in a localized action onto nerve fibers, especially of the vagus nerve.

已经有了一研究表明，这种类似胰高血糖素的肽的作并不是通过血液循环，而是更多地在迷走神经纤维上产生了局部作。