It was characterized by the rise of the Roman Empire and notorious leaders such as Octavian, Rome's first emperor, who issued in an era of peace, and Nero, who, some scholars believe, was Rome's cruelest emperor.

其特点是罗马帝国的崛起和著名的领导者，比如罗马第一位皇帝，屋维，他开创了一个和平时代。还有尼禄，一些学者认为他是罗马最残忍的皇帝。

Although silk was highly sought after by the Romans, it was associated with promiscuity, and Octavian, before he was emperor, even tried to use Mark Antony and Cleopatra the Seventh's love of silk as an example of their immorality.

尽管丝绸受到罗马人的高度追捧，但它与滥交联系在一起，屋维在成为皇帝之，甚至试图用马克·安东尼和克利奥帕特拉七世对丝绸的热爱为他们不道德的例子。

There were already hundreds of statues portraying him as Octavian, the man-of-action party leader, but in 27 BC the Senate acknowledged his political supremacy, and awarded him the honorific title of Augustus-the revered one.

事，为一位雷厉风行的统领，刻画屋维的雕像已有数百尊之多，但公十七年，老院授予他奥古斯都的头衔，意为神圣者，以确认他在政治的无特权。

In segment 11b Augustus and the Principate, we traced the rise of young Gaius Octavius later known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, but best know as Imperator Augustus Caesar.

11章B 奥古斯都和首统治，我们来追溯屋维的崛起历程，后人称他为盖乌斯·屋维，但是最为人所知的还是奥古斯都凯撒皇帝。

In 40 BCE, he had to return to Rome because his wife, Fulva, was leading a rebellion against Octavian.

公 40 年，他不得不回到罗马，因为他的妻子富尔瓦领导了一场反对屋维的叛乱。

Cleopatra wept for Antony and tried in various ways to take her own life but she was watched over by Octavian's men who wanted to take her back to Rome.

克利奥帕特拉为安东尼哭泣，并试图以各种方式结束自己的生命，但她被屋维的人监视着，他们想把她活着带回到罗马。

Although Octavian triumphed over the pair, the love of silk continued in Rome.

虽然屋维战胜了这对夫妇，但罗马对于丝绸的热爱仍在继续。

Once the emperor formerly known as Octavian, that is to say Augustus Caesar, brought lasting peace to Italy, Roman manpower and Roman resources could be used to stabilize the borders.

曾经它的皇帝被人称为屋维，也就是奥古斯都·恺撒，为意利带来了长期的和平 罗马的人力和罗马的资源帮助其稳固了边界。

Known at that point as Octavian, he quickly outshone all his peers in the scramble for absolute power.

当时他还叫屋维，在争夺绝对统治权的斗争中，他迅速战胜了所有对手。

Their names were Octavian (who was Caesar's nephew) , Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidas.

他们分别是屋维（凯撒的侄子）、马克·安东尼和马库斯·莱帕达斯。

Above all Octavian was guided by an extremely clear sense of Roman culture unlike his adoptive father Julius Caesar he knew the Romans would never stand for rule by a king or by anyone suspected of wanting to be king.

总而言之 引导屋维的是非常清晰的罗马文化感，这和养父尤利乌斯·凯撒不同，他知道罗马人永远不会接受被国王统治或是任何有嫌疑要成为国王的人。

Top Roman politicians, led by Caesar's nephew Octavian, were shocked by reports of Antony and Cleopatra's bid to set up an empire of their own.

以凯撒的侄子屋维为首的罗马高层政治家们对安东尼和克利奥帕特拉试图建立自己帝国的报道感到震惊。

Typically of Octavian he used this as propaganda against Anthony who dropped his dutiful matron Roman wife Octavia for an ancient Egyptian floozy.

屋维利用这一点来宣传反对安东尼，指责安东尼抛弃罗马的糟糠之妻奥克塔维亚而去追求一个古埃及的荡妇。

An outraged Octavian personally declared war against Cleopatra — and all of Egypt.

愤怒的屋维亲自向克利奥帕特拉和整个埃及宣战。

The next decade was spent in an uneasy peace between Octavian who ruled the Western Latin speaking half of the Roman world and Anthony who ruled the East Greek speaking half.

过了10年，又让他陷入两难的境地面临屋维领导的西部讲拉丁语的罗马世界和安东尼领导的东部说希腊语的世界。

Mark Antony faced off against Gaius Octavius, who  was Caesar's adopted son and presumptive heir.

马克·安东尼与盖乌斯·屋维对峙，盖乌斯·屋维是凯撒的养子和推定继承人。

Gaius Octavius, born in 63 BCE, was the grand-nephew of Julius Caesar.

盖乌斯·屋维，生于公63年，是尤利乌斯·凯撒的曾外甥。

Octavius returned home to his people empty-handed.

屋维空手回到他的人民身边。

And after Mark Antony and Cleopatra's suicide, Octavian became emperor, becoming Augustus Caesar.

在马克·安东尼和克娄巴特拉双双自杀后，屋维登皇位，成为了奥古斯都·凯撒。

After civil war ends in victory for Octavian, he becomes Rome's first emperor, Augustus.

内战结束后，屋维获胜，成为罗马首位皇帝，即奥古斯都。