The submerged rock would chemically take in carbon from the water.

淹没的岩石会通过化学方式从水中吸收碳。

The rover is outfitted with tools to discern the chemical makeup of the rocks and soil.

探测器配备了工具来辨别岩石和土壤的化学成分。

The chemical index of alteration is a gauge of chemical weathering of rock, which means the chemical changes that occurred in rock due to environmental conditions.

蚀变化学指标是衡量岩石化学风化程度的指标 是指岩石在环境条件下发生的化学变化。

In addition, we can increase the amount of carbon held in our soils through the widespread application of biochar and enhanced weathering of chemically suitable rocks.

，我们可以通过广泛应用生物炭和增强化学适宜岩石的风化作用来增加土壤中的碳含量。

An X-ray spectrometer was used to analyze the chemical composition of rocks, and a device called a penetrometer was pushed into the lunar regolith, soil, to measure its density.

一个X射线光谱仪被用来分析岩石的化学成分，而一个叫做 penetrometer 的设备被推入月球的风化层（土壤）中，以测量其密度。

By examining the chemical diffusion in crystals from those rocks, they found that, in each eruption, about a month elapsed between the last pulse of magma and the eruption itself -- useful information for hazard planners.

通过研究这些岩石中晶体的化学扩散情况， 他们发现，每次喷发时， 在最后一次岩浆脉动与实际喷发之间大约间隔了一个月——这对灾害规划者来说是有价值的信息。

" The only area where there was a match was northeast Scotland, " says study coauthor Nick Pearce, a geologist and geochemist also at Aberystwyth University. " These fingerprints are very characteristic, " he says. " I don't think there'll be anywhere else where it would match."

“唯一匹配的地区是苏格兰东北部，”该研究的合著者、同样来自阿伯里斯特威斯大学的岩石学家和岩石化学家尼克·皮尔斯说。“这些指纹非常具有特征，" 他说。" 我认为不会有其他地方与之匹配。”