Because alveoli serve as critical exchange points between the blood and air from the outside world, they have their own specialized types of white blood cells, or macrophages, which defend against foreign organisms by enveloping and eating them.

因为肺泡相当于血液和来自体外的空气之间的一个临界交换点，它们拥有专门的白血细，又名巨细，种细通过包络和外来细来进行防御。

As " type A" cells in the synovium attempt to remove the debris, immune cells like lymphocytes and macrophages are recruited into the synovial membrane, which produces proinflammatory cytokines that ultimately cause inflammation of the synovium as well, called synovitis.

滑膜上的A型细努力清碎片的同时，免疫细（如淋巴细、巨细）也被募集进入滑膜，产生炎症因子，最终导致滑膜炎。

When all that stuff stagnates, it initiates an inflammatory reaction that causes macrophages to release inflammatory molecules, which ultimately damage surrounding cells and leads to fibrosis which is the thickening of connective tissue, or the creation of scar tissue.

当所有物质淤滞时，将会引发炎症反应，从而导致巨细释放炎症因子，最终破坏周围细，造成组织的纤维化，即缔组织增厚，形成瘢痕组织。

When the abnormal IgA1-IgG immune complexes deposit in the mesangium, the alternative complement pathway is activated, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and migration of macrophages into the kidney, all of which contributes to glomerular injury.

当异常的IgA1-IgG免疫复合物沉积在系膜上时，补体旁路途径被激活，导致促炎因子的释放，同时促进巨细向肾迁移，以上所有反应会导致肾小球的损伤。

Once it reaches the lungs, it gets ingested by alveolar macrophages and inside macrophages, it gets wrapped up in a vesicle called phagosome, which normally merges with lysosomes to kill invading bacteria.

进入肺内后，它就会被肺泡巨细；在巨细内，它被包裹在称为体的囊泡中，通常体会与溶酶体融合，清入侵的细菌。

Once activated, the B-cells make antibodies that mark the auto antigens and the macrophages use those antibody markers to bind to and strip the myelin sheath off of the peripheral neurons.

一旦被激活，B细产生识别抗体与自身抗原合，而巨细识别、合抗原抗体复合物，清周围神经元上的髓鞘。

In acute laryngitis, the goblet cells to over secrete mucus leading to congestion of the airway, and immune cells like neutrophils and macrophages release chemicals that cause pain and swelling.

急性喉炎中，杯状细分泌过多黏液，导致气道阻塞；免疫细如中性粒细、巨细释放化学物质产生疼痛和肿胀感。

First, they damage the RBC membrane, resulting in intramedullary hemolysis, or RBC breakdown in the bone marrow; or extravascular hemolysis, when RBCs are destroyed by macrophages in the spleen.

首先，它们会破坏红细膜，导致髓内溶血（骨髓中红细分解）或血管外溶血（红细被脾脏的巨细破坏）。

At the same time, the macrophages produce molecules called cytokines and chemokines that alert the rest of the immune system to the presence of the invader.

与此同时，巨细产生称为细因子和趋化因子的分子，提醒免疫系统的其他部分注意入侵者的存在。

The cytokines attract Inflammatory cells like macrophages which start releasing even more inflammatory substances like proteases, platelet activating factor, and free radicals, all which contribute to inflammation.

细因子可以募集更多的炎症细如巨细；巨细进而释放更多的炎症介质，如蛋白酶、血小板活化因子和自由基，它们都可以进一步促进炎症反应。

The only exception was ROS, which inexplicably increased in the macrophage when the polyphenol-amino acid combo was present compared to when the polyphenol was on its own.

唯一的例外是活性氧，当多酚-氨基酸加合物存在时，与多酚单独存在时相比，巨细中活性氧莫名增加。

This channel serves as a pathway for iron to enter the macrophage at increased rates, so less iron is available for the production of hemoglobin.

个通道使铁以更快的速度进入巨细，因此，可用于生成血红蛋白的铁含量减少。

I'm talking about macrophages, the big, hungry guard cells that patrol your connective tissues and eat bacteria, foreign materials, and even your own dead cells.

我说的是巨细，巨大而饥饿的保卫细，巡逻你的缔组织，吃掉细菌，外来物质，甚至你自己的死细。

By then, researchers had already discovered that immune cells called macrophages probably contribute to endometriosis and that pain-sensing nerves are also involved.

那时，研究人员已经发现， 被称为巨细的免疫细可能与子宫内膜异位症有关， 痛觉神经也参与其中。

Some monocytes migrate into tissues and differentiate into macrophages, which remain in tissues and aren't found in the blood.

一单核细迁移到组织中，分化成为巨细；它们会停留在组织里，不会再在血液里出现。

Next up are the monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, which are phagocytic cells - they gobble up pathogens, present antigens, and release cytokines - tiny molecules that help attract other immune cells to the area.

接着是单核细、巨细和树突状细，三者都是细；它们大口吃病原体，呈递抗原，并释放细因子（即帮助号召其他免疫细救兵来到局部的微小分子）。

They cytokines also attract B-cells and macrophages as part of the inflammatory reaction.

细因子也会趋化B淋巴细和巨细，也是炎症反应的一部分。

For example, we have mechanical techniques like coughing, a mucociliary escalator that lines the entire airway and moves out larger bacteria, and macrophages that are nestled deep inside the alveoli and ready to destroy anything that lands there.

例如，我们有像咳嗽样的技能，贴在气道的黏膜纤毛可移较大的细菌，而巨细则在肺泡深处准备降解那里的东西。

HHV-8 is transmitted through sexual contact, and once in the body, it uses the viral glycoproteins on its envelope to enter a wide variety of cells, such as B cells, endothelial cells, macrophages and epithelial cells.

HHV-8通过性接触传播，一旦进入宿主体内，它会利用囊膜上的病毒糖蛋白进入多种细内，例如B细、内皮细、巨细与上皮细。

With extravascular hemolysis, we have macrophages eating up red blood cells more than normal and unconjugated bilirubin production is ramped up, which is conjugated by the liver and sent to the gallbladder.

血管外溶血时，巨细红细，较正常时更多，进而加速了非合胆红素的产生，非合胆红素在肝脏转变为合胆红素，并输送至胆囊。