Monitoring groups of pulsars can create, in effect, interferometers with arms of interstellar size.

监测一组脉冲星实际上创建臂长为星际尺度的干涉仪。

But the proposal that really excites me is the  Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, or LISA.

但真正令兴奋的是激光干涉仪太空天线（LISA）。

No. No, the impact of interferometers on 3D renderings.

不 不 是干涉仪在三维渲染中的影响。

Yeah, using an interferometer to create what is...

是的 使用干涉仪来创建。

The image of Sagittarius A star was released based on radio interferometer data taken in 2017.

人马座A*的图像基于2017年的射电干涉仪数据发布。

And that was the biggest, I'd say, technical problem outside of the physics instrument, the interferometer.

那就是在地球上所处的孤立状。 说， 除了物理仪器——干涉仪之外， 这是大的技术难题。

Remember what we said, with interferometers,   bigger is better!

请记所说的，对于干涉仪来说，越大越好！

That's why the European Space Agency is building a spacecraft called LISA, due to fly in the late 2030s.

这就是为什么欧洲航天局正在建造一个名为空间激光干涉仪的航天器，预计在2030年代后期发射。

Potentially we can detect primordial gravitational waves from before this time, but this will need a huge space interferometer.

理论上， 或许能探测到这一时间点之前的原初引力波，但这需要一个庞大的空间干涉仪。

But in reality, the interferometer is constantly picking up noise.

但实际上，干涉仪不断地拾取噪声。

This squeezing  minimizes the light's phase noise and squeezes it into amplitude noise, which the interferometer  doesn't measure.

这种挤压大限度地减少了光的相位噪声，并将其挤压成干涉仪无法测量的振幅噪声。

LIGO is essentially a  large-scale and very sensitive interferometer, an invention that's been around since the 1880s.

LIGO 本质上是一个大型且非常灵敏的干涉仪，这项发明自 1880 年代就已存在。

An interferometer essentially measures what happens when light waves are combined from two  or more sources.

干涉仪本质上是测量当两个或多个光源的光波组合时会发生什么。

This is essentially  what the interferometer measures with light.

这本质上就是干涉仪用光测量的内容。

And the larger and more powerful the  interferometer, the more sensitive it is.

干涉仪越大、功能越强，它的灵敏度就越高。

Also, interferometers put a lower limit of 10,000 km for the distance to the FRBs, which means they could not have originated on Earth.

此外， 干涉仪为快速无线电爆发的距离设定了一个低限值， 即10000公里，这意味着它不能起源于地球。

This gives a very small glimpse into the relevance that holograms have to interferometry, which is the technique of using wave interference to measure extremely tiny distances.

这让稍微了解了全息图与干涉仪之间的关联，干涉仪是利用波干涉来测量极小距离的技术。

For example, you could use an interferometer to test whether light travels at  different speeds through different substances, such as through air or water.

例如，您使用干涉仪来测试光是否不同的速度穿过不同的物质（例如空气或水）。

Any particles in the  interferometer's arms are also a problem, which is why LIGO pumps the air from its vacuum chambers  to one trillionth of atmospheric pressure.

干涉仪臂中的任何颗粒也是一个问题，这就是为什么 LIGO 将真空室中的空气抽至万亿分之一大气压的原因。

Einstein's theory of general relativity predicted this phenomenon over 100 years ago, but it wasn't directly verified until 2017, when gravitational wave observatories LIGO and VIRGO observed a neutron star collision.

爱因斯坦的广义相对论在一百多年前就预言了这一现象，但直到2017年，激光干涉仪引力波天文台（LIGO）和室女座探测器（VIRGO）观测到中子星碰撞时， 这一现象才得到直接验证。