For example, in their Science Essentials course, they explain the story of how Barry Marshall proved that peptic ulcers are not the result of stress and spicy foods, but the bacteria H. Pylori.

例如，科学的上他们解释 Barry Marshall 证明胃溃疡不是压力和辛辣物引起的，而是感染幽门螺旋杆菌。

We would seem to always, one of us, have either the upset stomach or throwing up, and the bacteria found in our stomach, H. pylori, which makes me nauseated and painful in the stomach and vomiting.

我们似乎总是，我们中的一个，胃部不适或呕吐，而胃内的幽门螺旋杆菌使我恶心、疼痛和呕吐。

There's also a pyloric sphincter, or valve, at the end of the stomach which closes while eating, keeping food inside for the stomach to churn over and over again.

胃部末端也有括约肌，称为幽门括约肌；它进的时候关闭，以便物能胃中得到充分的搅拌、混合。

The contents of the stomach impact alcohol's ability to get into the blood because after eating, the pyloric sphincter, which separates the stomach from the small intestine, closes.

胃里的东西会影响酒精进入血液的能力，因为进之后幽门括约肌闭合，而幽门括约肌是分隔胃部和小肠的部分。

It receives chyme and gastric juices from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter, but it also imports bile from the liver and gallbladder, enzymes from the pancreas, and creates its own homegrown mix of enzymes.

它通过幽门括约肌从胃中接收糜和胃液，但它也从肝脏和胆囊进口胆汁，从胰腺进口酶，并创造自己的酶混合物。

The process of discovery began in 1983 when Barry Marshall, a doctor in Perth, Western Australia, found that many stomach cancers and most stomach ulcers are caused by a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori.

这个现过程始于1983年。当时，西澳大利亚州珀斯的巴里·马歇尔医现，许多胃癌和大多数胃溃疡为一种名叫幽门螺旋杆菌的细菌所致。

This type is extranodal - mostly happening in the lining of the stomach among individuals with chronic inflammation, like those with Helicobacter pylori infection, a bacteria that causes chronic gastritis.

这种类型是结外的，主要慢性炎症患者的胃粘膜中，比如感染了幽门螺杆菌的患者；幽门螺杆菌是一种导致慢性胃炎的细菌。

And then in September 2017 was when I was diagnosed with H. Pylori .

然后2017年9月，我被诊断出患有幽门螺杆菌。

Being infected by hookworms, roundworms, bacteria like H. Pylori and other pathogens, getting wounded from accidents or animal attacks, ticks, leeches and so on would all be great ways to lose blood and iron for paleolithic humans.

被钩虫，蛔虫，像幽门螺旋杆菌这样的细菌和其他病原体感染，被意外伤害或动物攻击，蜱虫，水蛭等等都是旧石器时代的人类失去血液和铁的好方法。

Now, once the stomach is done, doing what stomachs do, the pyloric sphincter opens, allowing the chyme to pass into the small intestine.

当胃部的工作完成后，幽门括约肌便会打开，使糜顺利进入小肠。

In the stomach, there are four regions - the cardia, the fundus, the body, and the pyloric antrum.

贲门部、胃底部、胃体部以及幽门部。

Some of the proposed reasons are flatworm and hookworm infection, H. Pylori infection, gastrointestinal bleeding and their vitamin intake being disrupted by the incorporation of modern high-starch foods to the diet.

其中一些原因是扁虫和钩虫感染、幽门螺杆菌感染、胃肠道出血以及由于饮中加入现代高淀粉物而中断了维素的摄入。

And then I got this, I went to this doctor in California who diagnosed me with H pylori, and then a fungal and a bacterial overgrowth in my small intestines.

后来我得知此事， 便前往加州找了一位医， 他诊断我患有幽门螺杆菌，以及小肠内真菌和细菌的过度长。

You know, 20 years ago, we thought ulcers were from eating spicy food, and then we got root cause analysis with bacteria and H. pylori.

你知道，20年前，我们认为溃疡是因为吃了辛辣物引起的，后来通过根原因分析， 我们现了细菌和幽门螺杆菌才是罪魁祸首。

Yet H. pylori survives the acidic turmoil of the stomach with a variety of features that disrupt mucosal defense in its favor.

然而，幽门螺旋杆菌凭借多种特性，胃部酸性环境的混乱中存活下来，并破坏了黏膜防御机制，使其自身受益。

That have all of these valves, the epiglottis, the gastroesophageal junction, the pylorus, the ileocecal junction, the rectum.

那些都有这些瓣膜，会厌，胃管结合部，幽门，回盲部，直肠。

Even then, how each one of these valves, I'm fascinated by each one of the valves that we talk early on like, the gastroesophageal sphincter or the pylorus or the ileocecal junction.

甚至那时，我对我们早期讨论的每一个阀门都感到着迷，比如胃管括约肌、幽门或回盲瓣。

In particular, certain pain medications used to reduce inflammation in joints have been discovered to work with H. pylori to create more severe stomach ulcers.

特别是，某些用于减轻关节炎症的止痛药物被现会与幽门螺旋杆菌协同作用，从而引更为严重的胃溃疡。

The pyloric sphincter allows food to pass into the small intestine only after it has been transformed into chyme.

幽门括约肌使物转化为糜后才能进入小肠。

The cardiac sphincter relaxes and contracts to move food from the esophagus into the stomach, whereas the pyloric sphincter allows food to leave the stomach when it has sufficiently digested.

贲门括约肌通过舒张和收缩将物从道移动到胃中，而当物被充分消化后，幽门括约肌通过舒张和收缩使其离开胃。