I want to turn briefly to one other application of Kant's moral theory and that's his political theory.

我想暂时转向康德道德学的另一个应用，也就是他的政治理论。

Philosophers from Aristotle to Kant dismissed smell as unrefined or even a vulgar sense.

从亚里士多德到康德，学家们都认为嗅觉是一种粗精致的感觉。

Your interests are in post-content European philosophy, especially phenomenology and existentialism.

你对后康德时代的欧洲学，尤其是现象学和存在主义，有着浓厚的兴趣。

Can you be a Kantian and conquer those lands?

你能既遵循康德的学原则，又征服那些领土？

The question which Kant put at the beginning of his philosophy, namely 'How is pure mathematics possible'? is an interesting and difficult one, to which every philosophy which is not purely sceptical must find some answer.

康德在其学开篇提出的问题，即“纯数学何以可能”？是一个有趣而困难的问题，每一种非纯粹怀疑的学都必须找到一些。

Thus according to the philosophers before Kant, the law of contradiction, which asserts that nothing can at the same time have and not have a certain property, sufficed to establish the truth of all a priori knowledge.

因此，根据康德之前的学家，矛盾律断言任何事物都能同时具有和具有某种属性，足以确立所有先验知识的真实性。

Other German philosophers also joined in the enterprise of transforming Kant's critical philosophy into a metaphysical idealism—most notably, Hegel, Schelling, and Schopenhauer.

其他德国学家也加入了将康德的批判学转变为形而上学唯心主义的事业——最著名的是黑格尔、谢林和叔本华。

13-3Kant's critical philosophy and his Copernican revolution The turning point in Kant's intellectual development was his encounter with Hume's empiricism.

13-3康德的批判学和他的哥白尼革命康德智力发展的转折点是他与休谟的经验主义的相遇。

Thus, the idea of God has importance in Kant's philosophy, as do other regulative ideas.

因此，上帝的观念在康德的学中很重要，其他规范性观念也是如此。

The German approach to idealism had Kantian philosophy as its starting point.

德国的唯心主义方法以康德学为出发点。

14-4-3Phenomenal and Noumenal Reality A major aspect of Kant's critical philosophy was his insistence that human knowledge is forever limited in its scope.

14-4-3现象和本位现实 康德批判学的一个主要方面是他坚持认为人类知识的范围永远有限。

Still, this was precisely what Kant thought moral philosophy should provide us in order to guide our moral behavior.

尽管如此，这正是康德认为道德学应该提供给我们的东西，以指导我们的道德行为。

Critical philosophy for Kant was, therefore, not the negation of metaphysics but rather a preparation for it.

因此，对康德来说，批判学是对形而上学的否定，而是对形而上学的准备。

He believed that Kant had achieved genuine progress in philosophy, and he intended to carry forward what Kant had begun.

他相信康德在学上取得了真正的进步，他打算将康德已经开始的事情发扬光大。

14-4SUMMARY German Idealism developed in reaction to Kant's philosophy.

14-4总结 德国唯心主义是对康德学的回应而发展起来的。