Evolution has provided a goodly range of these in the form of enzymes, which are large, complicated and sometimes temperamental protein molecules, but which have the advantage that they can create pure versions of what are known as optical isomers.

进化以酶的形式提供大量的这类物质，这些酶是大型的、复杂的、有时还会变化无常的蛋白质分子，但它们的优点是可以产生被称为光学异构的纯净版本。

The kinked configuration is called the" cis isomer" and the straight one is the trans isomer.

结状排列成为“顺式异构”线状排列，成为“反式异构”。

Thus, no isomers with alkynes. Phew. OK I'm done describing for the moment.

因此，炔烃没有异构。。，我暂时先描述到这儿。

Also, ketamine itself, S-ketamine is an isomer of ketamine that's been patented for depression.

此外，氯胺酮本身，S-氯胺酮是氯胺酮的一种异构，已被专利用于治疗抑郁症。

If all of the things attached to those carbons are the same, it doesn't matter, but if the parts are different, it's possible to have two totally different isomers of the same compound.

如果连接在这些碳原子上的所有基团都相同，则无影响；但如果这些基团不同，则可能形成两种完全不同的同一化合物的异构。

But they're also going to kind of lock the molecule in itself so you get formation of isomers.

但它们也会将分子本身锁定, 从而形成异构。

These different structures for compounds that have the same molecular formula are called isomers.

具有相同分子式的化合物的这些不同结构称为异构。

They're not structural isomers like n-butane and i-butane, instead, they're what we call cis-trans isomers.

它们不是像正丁烷和异丁烷那样的构造异构，而是我们所说的顺反异构。

They're not structural isomers like n-butane and i-butane. Instead, they're what we call cis-trans isomers. These have the atoms in the same positions on the molecule, but the atoms are oriented differently in space.

它们不是像正丁烷和异丁烷那样的结构异构。相反，它们是我们所说的顺反异构。这些分子中的原子在分子中的位置相同，但原子在空间中的取向不同。

Well we know that they're unsaturated alkenes because saturated fats don't have double bonds, and thus, can't have cis- and trans- isomers.

我们知道它们是不饱和烯烃， 因为饱和脂肪没有双键，因此不会有顺式和反式异构。

So the number of atoms is butane only allows for 2 isomers, n-butane and isobutane.

所以原子数是丁烷只允许2种异构， 正丁烷和异丁烷。

You would have to break the pi bond, and thus, the entire molecule to rotate between isomers.

你需要断裂π键，从而旋转异构就需要破坏整个分子。

But looking at this table of the number of possible isomers you could see that that escalated quickly.

但是查看这张可能的异构数量表， 您会发现它迅速增加。

But if the parts are different, it's possible to have two totally different isomers of the same compound.

但如果这些部分不同，就有可能形成同一化合物的两种完全不同的异构。

But pentane, C5H12, has 3 possible isomers and C6H14, known as hexane, has 5.

但是戊烷 C5H12 有 3 种可能的异构， 而称为己烷的 C6H14 有 5 种。

With the information we have, this 2-butene could be one of two different isomers: one with the methyl groups on the same side or one with the methyl groups on different sides.

根据我们掌握的信息，这个2-丁烯可能是两种不同的异构之一：一种是甲基位于同一侧， 另一种是甲基位于不同侧。

They call that isobutane and it is an isomer of butane, but according to these all important rules of nomenclature, it's not actually any sort of butane at all.

他们称其为异丁烷， 它是丁烷的异构，但根据所有重要的命名规则， 它实际上根本不是丁烷。

Note, by the way, that organic compounds cannot switch from cis to trans or the other way around. You would have to break the pi bond, and thus the entire molecule, to rotate between isomers.

顺便提一下，有机化合物无法在顺式和反式之间相互转换。要实现异构之间的旋转，必须断裂π键，从而导致整个分子结构发生变化。