This endocardium lines the heart chambers as well as the heart valves.

内膜覆盖了脏各腔室和瓣膜。

It causes various hospital-acquired infections such as pneumonia, UTIs, bacteremia, endocarditis, and meningitis.

它能引起各种医院获得感，如肺炎、尿路感、菌血症、内膜炎以及脑膜炎。

Therefore the classic finding with angina is subendocardial ischemia, meaning less oxygen is reaching the region just under the endocardium.

因此绞痛典型发现就是内膜下缺血，即到达内膜下减少。

'It was a very simple case of endocarditis'.

“这是一个非常简单内膜炎病例”。

The process tending to focus on the sub endocardium.

趋向于集中于内膜下过程。

Loffler syndrome, where eosinophils accumulate in the lung tissue, can also affect the heart tissue, called Loeffler endocarditis or sometimes loeffler endomyocarditis.

Loffler综合征：嗜酸细胞聚集在肺组织中，也可以累及脏组织，这种情况叫做Loeffler内膜炎，有时也叫Loeffler内膜肌炎。

THAT STENTLESS VALVE REPLACEMENT FOR INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITIS THAT YOU PERFORMED?

那个为感内膜炎做 无扩张瓣膜替换术?

Again the sub endocardial region seems to be the most precarious in terms of blood supply.

同样，内膜下区域似乎是最不稳定血液供应。

In this case, eosinophils accumulate in the endocardial layer of the heart tissue, causing inflammation and endocardial fibrosis, making it stiffer and again less compliant.

在这类病例中，嗜酸细胞聚集在脏组织内膜，导致炎症和内膜纤维化，让其更加僵硬、顺应更差。

On an electrocardiogram, or ECG, both stable and unstable angina show an ST-segment depression since ischemia's limited to the subendocardium.

电图上，稳定型和非稳定型绞痛都显示ST段降低，因为缺血局限于内膜下。

Yet another is endocardial fibroelastosis, where fibrosis develops in the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart, as well as the subendocardium right under, again making the tissue less compliant.

还有另一种病因是内膜弹力纤维增生症，即在内膜以及内膜下发生了纤维化，使得脏组织顺应变差。

Endocardial fibroelastosis happens most often in children, and is thought to be caused by a variety of diseases and stresses, like infections and even nutritional deficiencies.

内膜弹力纤维增生症通常发生在小孩身上，且被认为是由各种疾病和压力导致，比如说感以及甚至是营养物质缺乏。

If blood flow's reduced or the myocardium is thicker, blood has a harder time reaching this deeper layer just under the endocardium, called the subendocardium.

一旦血流减少或肌变厚，血流便难以到达最深，即内膜下。

This ischemia is thought to trigger release of adenosine, bradykinin, and other molecules that stimulate nerve fibers in the myocardium that result in the sensation of pain.

内膜下缺血被认为启动腺苷、缓激肽等分子释放，这些分子刺激肌神经末梢，导致痛觉产生。

Usually, pyelonephritis from hematogenous spread is a consequence of septicemia or bacteremia - which is bacteria in the blood - as well as infective endocarditis, an infection of the inner layer of the heart.

通常情况下，通过血液传播肾炎是由于败血症或菌血症（即细菌入血）或感内膜炎（即内膜受感）。

Finally, there's the innermost layer of the heart called the endocardium, which is made of a relatively thin layer of endothelium which is the same layer of cells that line the blood vessels.

最后，脏最内叫内膜，由一较薄内皮细胞构成；与位在血管内壁是同一细胞。

Poor oral care has been also linked to serious diseases such as heart disease, COPD, pneumonia, and endocarditis, which is an infection of the inner lining of your heart chambers or valves.

口腔护理不当还与脏病、 慢阻塞肺病、 肺炎和内膜炎等严重疾病有关，内膜炎是腔或瓣膜内壁感。

The septum is formed during development as this muscular ridge of tissue grows upward from the apex, or the tip, and then fuses with a thinner membranous region coming down from the endocardial cushions.

室间隔在胚胎发育期间形成，这种组织肌肉嵴从尖部往上长，并与从内膜垫向下延伸薄膜区域融合。

The muscular walls of the heart consist of three major " layers" . The bulk of the walls is made up of a layer of cardiac muscle and is called the myocardium.

肌外是外膜，内是内膜。

Ischemia in the areas supplied by the partially occluded vessel illustrated here in the lateral wall of the left ventricle is primarily targeted on the sub endocardial aspect of the affected region.

左室侧壁部分闭塞血管供应区缺血主要是针对受影响区内膜下。