The heart is nestled in a double-walled sac called the pericardium.

心脏位于一个叫做心包的双壁囊中。

When the cause is identified, it's usually a viral infection, like Coxsackie B virus.

急性心包的已知病因通是病毒感染，如柯萨奇B组病毒。

The buildup of toxins can also cause pericarditis which is inflammation of the lining of the heart.

毒素的累积也会引起心包，即心包的症。

There were also no cases of myocarditis or pericarditis — inflammation of the heart muscle or its lining.

试验中也没有心肌或心包的案例，这两种疾病分别是心脏肌肉或心脏外。

Basically, when heart cells die in a myocardial infarction, it leads to massive inflammation that also involves the serous pericardium.

心肌梗死导致心肌细胞死亡，引累浆心包的强烈症反应。

So this could be from like a pericardial fusion or pericarditis or something like that.

所这可能来自心包融合或心包或类似的东西。

But remember this pericardium we talked about?

还记得我们说过的心包吗？

There are a few ways to diagnose pericarditis and pericardial effusions.

诊断心包和心包积液的方法如下。

It's encased by this fibrous sort of cover called your pericardium.

它被一种称为心包的纤维包裹。

The outer layer of this pouch is the fibrous pericardium and it helps keep the heart in place within the chest cavity.

心包的外层是纤维心包，其作用是把心脏固定在胸腔之内。

People who develop pericarditis are also at risk of developing a pericardial effusion - that's when the inflammation causes fluid to accumulate around the heart.

心包患者也有罹患心包积液的风险，即症反应使液体聚集在心脏周围。

That's when pericardial fluid begins to pool in the pericardial space, because the serous pericardium can't remove it as quickly as it comes in.

心包积液是渗出液在心包腔内累积的结果，因为浆心包吸收积液的速度小于液体渗出的速度。

The stiff, thickened serous pericardium makes it hard for the ventricles to expand - it's like the heart is wrapped by a boa constrictor.

增厚硬化的浆心包限制心室扩张；心脏如同被蟒蛇缠绕一般。

When the pericardium is involved, it often leads to pericarditis —inflammation of the pericardium— and pericardial effusion, an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity.

当转移到心包时，通会导致心包，即心包被感染引起的症，并引起心包积液，即在心包腔内积聚液体。

The main symptom of pericarditis is fever and chest pain that worsens with deep breathing, but improves with sitting up and leaning forward.

心包的主要症状是热，随深呼吸加重、随坐直和前倾减轻的胸痛。

Pericarditis can also be seen in autoimmune diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, or systemic lupus erythematosus, because the immune system attacks its own tissues, including the pericardium.

心包也可继于自身免疫病，如类风湿性关节、硬皮病或系统性红斑狼疮；此时免疫系统攻击包括心包在内的自身组织。

On an echocardiogram, a pericardial effusion makes the heart look like it's dancing within the pericardium, whereas chronic pericarditis shows the stiff serous pericardium restricting the heart's movement.

超声心动图下，心包积液致使心脏如同在心包腔内“舞蹈”；而慢性心包表现为增厚的心包限制心脏活动。

On an X-ray of a heart with a large pericardial effusion, you can see a silhouette that pools to the bottom of the heart and gives a classic " water bottle" sign.

大量心包积液的X线平片，可见心影增大，覆盖心脏底部，呈现典型的烧瓶状。

Larger pericardial effusions, those over 100ml of fluid, can cause diminished heart sounds, and can even diminish cardiac output leading to shortness of breath, low blood pressure, and lightheadedness.

超过100毫升的大量心包积液可使心音减弱，甚至会降低心输出量，导致呼吸困难、低血压与头晕。

The inner layer of the pouch is the serous pericardium that includes the pericardial cavity, and is filled with a small amount of fluid that lets the heart slip around as it beats.

心包的内层是浆心包，包括心包腔；心包腔内含有少量液体，在心脏跳动时起润滑作用。