Dr. Stevens, what are the primary causes of ventricular arrhythmias?

Stevens 医生，室律主要诱因是什么？

Both of these have chordae tendineae coming off of them that tether the valve to the papillary muscles in the left ventricle.

这两种都有腱索，连接到左室乳头肌上。

Unfortunately, the clot goes into the left ventricle and can get pumped out to the body - often heading towards the brain and cutting off a blood vessel serving the brain, causing an embolic stroke.

幸是，进入左室栓子可以到达身体各个部位血管，时常进入大脑阻断脑组织血供，导致栓塞性脑卒中。

Remember: The ventricles of the heart create very high pressure, while the atria, or the receiving chambers of the heart, have very little pressure, at least while the body's at rest.

脏室产生非常高压力，而房或脏接收室压力很小，至少身体休息时是这样。

So you're at 180,170,160,150,140, and then all of a sudden you hear that top number of that strong left ventricle in your heart able to start pushing.

所以你会达到 180，170，160，150，140，然后突然你听到脏中强大左室最高数字能够开始推动。

For centuries, it was accepted as fact that blood passes from the right ventricle to the left ventricle of the heart through, " invisible pores in the septum. "

几个世纪以来，“血液通过‘隔膜上看见孔隙’，从右室进入左室”说法一直被认为是事实。

Then there's the other kind of irregular heartbeat: Premature ventricular contractions are early beats that arise from the lower chambers of the heart.

还有另一种规则: 室性期前收缩是由脏下腔(左右室)引起早期。

Premature ventricular contractions are early beats that arise from the lower chambers of the heart.

室性早搏是指从脏下室产生早搏。

This type where it goes up from ventricle to atrium, is called Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (or AVRT) with orthodromic conduction, and can lead to very high ventricular rates, between 200 and 300 bpm.

这种电冲动从室传导到房类型，称为顺向传导房室折返性动过速（AVRT）；它可以导致很快室率，达到每分钟200-300次。

And when the right atrium contracts, the blood passes through the tricuspid valve, into the relaxed right ventricle, and right back to where we started.

当右房收缩时，血液通过三尖瓣，进入放松右室，回到我们开始地方。

Now, all that blood then goes through the first of two atrioventricular valves that separate the atria from the ventricles.

然后，所有血液首先经过三尖瓣，它是将房、室分开房室瓣膜之一。

It takes a little bit longer for the right ventricle to squeeze the extra blood into the pulmonary arteries and it takes a little bit longer for the pulmonary valve to close.

这使右室需要更长时间将多余血挤入肺动脉；同时，肺动脉关闭时间变长。

And they do that because your ventricles contract to build up pressure and pump blood out of the heart. This high pressure caused by ventricular contraction is called systole.

它们这样做是因为你室收缩以增加压力并将血液泵出脏。这种由室收缩引起高压称为脏收缩。

It's very common for everyone to have an early beat arising from the upper chambers of the heart called premature atrial contractions, or PACs, once in a while.

每个人上室偶尔都会出现早搏即房性早搏（PACs），这是非常常见。

Longer time between contractions means more ventricular filling, which means the heart contracts with greater strength, which can be felt as a palpitation.

收缩之间更长时间意味着更满室充盈，这意味着脏更强有力地收缩，可被感觉为悸。

All right, so if we simplify this guy a little bit, then the amount of blood that's pumped out by either of the ventricles over a period of time is called the cardiac output.

我们稍微简化一下：一段时间内，任一室泵出血液量，称为输出量。

That's when the ventricles relax, to receive the next volume of blood from the atria.

这是室放松时候，从房接收下一批血液发出声音。

So stiffer, less compliant ventricles means the ventricles can't stretch, and less blood fills into the ventricle, which means the heart's starts to fail to pump out enough blood to the body.

因此较僵硬、顺应性更差室意味着室能扩展，从而流入室血液减少，这就意味着脏能泵出足够血液到全身。

Because of this difference, the left ventricle needs to be stronger; and so the muscular layer of the left ventricular wall or its myocardium is three times thicker than the right ventricle's myocardium.

由于这种差异，左室需要更强壮；因此左室壁肌肉，即肌，比右室肌厚三倍。

The first number is your systolic blood pressure — essentially the peak pressure, produced by the contracting ventricles that push blood out to all of your tissues.

第一个数字是你收缩压——也就是峰值压力，由收缩室产生，将血液推出到你所有组织。