This concentration gradient is extremely important for setting the resting membrane potential of excitable cell membranes, which is needed for normal contraction of smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle.

电化学梯度在可兴奋细胞膜静息电位的形成中十分重要，而平滑肌，肌还有骨骼肌的收缩都需要可兴奋细胞膜的参与。

Denny Duquette, 36, admitted today for a heart transplant necessitated by a viral cardiomyopathy.

Denny Duquette，36岁，因病毒性肌炎入院进行植手术。

Rada's cardiac tissue showed clear signs of dilated cardiomyopathy.

蕾达的肌组织明显显示出扩张型肌病的特征。

But, too much of it can make our hearts pump too quickly and our muscles contract uncontrollably, eventually leading to nausea, convulsions, heart attack, and even death.

但是，太多的可可碱却会造成我们的跳过快以及肌肉不受控制地收缩，进而导致恶、痉挛、肌梗塞甚至是死亡。

Most of the time, that's caused by cardiac hypertrophy - which is what happens when you exercise so much, that your heart muscles get enlarged to the point where they obstruct your ventricles, until eventually you just die.

通常这是由肥大所导致——而这种状况常发生在你运动过度之，你的肌不停增长，直到阻塞室，最你就死了。

“Kipling died there, actually. Of a stroke. While he was writing.”

“事实上，吉卜林就死在那里。肌梗塞。就在他写作的时候。”

There's also a tiny third opening into the right atrium called the coronary sinus, which collects blood from coronary vessels returning from the myocardium.

右房还有第三个微小的开口叫冠状窦，以收集从肌返回的冠状静脉血液。

Tetanus only affects skeletal muscle, so smooth muscle and cardiac muscle continue to function normally.

破伤风仅影响骨骼肌，因此，平滑肌和肌仍能继续工作。

The number of myocarditis cases in that group?

其中有多少肌炎病例呢？

Now, no children in the Pfizer trial developed myocarditis, but some older kids have.

现在，在辉瑞的试验中没有儿童患上肌炎，但一些龄较大的儿童患上了。

Plaque building up in the coronary arteries, so the ones that transport oxygen-rich blood around the heart, can over time cause a blood clot to form, which cuts off some of the heart muscle and causes it to die.

斑块在冠状动脉中堆积，所以将富含氧气的血液运送到周围的冠状动脉，随着时间的推，会导致血块的形成，从而切断部分肌，导致肌死亡。

One study published over the summer in JAMA Cardiology, for example, found that of a sample group of 100 people who had recovered from COVID-19, 78 had some inflammation of myocardial tissue or other damage such as scarring.

例如，今夏天发表在《美医学会病学杂志》上的一项研究发现，在100名新冠患者中，有78出现肌组织炎症或疤痕等其他损伤。

Your heart is so important that it gets its very own muscle tissue type — cardiac muscle, which looks striped, or striated, and also functions involuntarily to keep your blood pumping without you having to think about it.

你的是如此重要以至于它有自己的肌肉组织类型——肌，看起来是条纹状的，它也不由自主地起作用来保持你的血液流动，而你不用去想它。

Later symptoms include needing a wheelchair because of severe weakness, developing respiratory failure because of a weak diaphragm, scoliosis, and developing dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias since the dystrophin protein is also expressed in heart muscle.

期症状包括，由于严重的肌无力需坐轮椅，由于膈肌无力会发生呼吸衰竭、脊柱侧凸，因为抗肌萎缩蛋白也表达于肌纤维，还会引发扩张型肌病和律失常。

The inflammation increases the risk of having a myocardial infarction - a heart attack, as well as a stroke, and peripheral vascular disease which is where there is severe pain in the lower legs.

这种炎症会增加肌梗死的发病风险，即平时所说的“病发作”，同时中风、周围血管疾病的发病风险也会增加，其中周围血管疾病的最常见表现是下肢剧烈疼痛。

And there were no cases of myocarditis or pericarditis—inflammation of the heart muscle or lining—which have occurred in a small percentage of teens and young adults who got the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines.

而该龄段未出现肌炎或包炎现象——肌肉或内膜炎症——而少部分接种了辉瑞或莫德纳疫苗的青少和青会产生。

If we have the death of tissue of the heart, the overlap of blood supply to the heart is usually not sufficient to help that heart muscle.

如果组织死亡，供血的重叠通常不足以帮助肌。

Suspecting viral cardiomyopathy, the doctors began bringing him to consciousness to treat it. That's when they noticed he'd had a massive stroke, Mary says.

由于怀疑是病毒性肌病，医生们首先让他苏醒过来治疗。“就在那时，他们注意到他患了严重的中风，”玛丽说。

With fewer red blood cells to deliver oxygen to your organs, hemolytic anemia can cause fatigue, shortness of breath, gallstones and jaundice.

血红细胞供氧不足，会导致溶血性贫血，全身无力，呼吸短促，肌梗塞，脸色发黄。

The end result is that blood is diverted, or stolen, away from the ischemic myocardium to non-ischemic areas, which further worsens the ischemia.

最终结果就是血液从缺血的肌被转或者说被“偷”到未缺血区域，进一步加剧了缺血。