This is actually the gonads from sea urchins.

实际上是海胆。

I always call them bags of gonads that can fly because that's all they do.

我一直称它们为会飞袋，因为它们只会做个。

A signal triggers the pituitary gland to release the hormone gonadotropin.

个信号会促使脑垂体释放出促激素。

Okay. Um..." Are my HCG levels doubling every 48 hours? "

还有… … “我促激素每48小时就翻一番吗？”

They began to notice a pattern of fluctuations throughout a woman's 28 day menstrual cycle and saw a sharp spike in the level of HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) in pregnant women, and nowhere else.

他们开始注意到女28天月经周期中有一种波动模式，孕妇 HCG（人绒毛膜促激素）水平急剧上升，而其他人则不会。

These studies help to highlight masculinization or feminization of the Gonads is not always the same as the brain and that there's a difference between your sex or your anatomy and your gender or how you perceived your own body.

些研究有助于强调男化或女化并不总是与大脑认知相同，原始别或解剖结构与如今别或你如何看待自己身体是有区别。

AFP, though, can be elevated by other conditions as well, so in order to get a more exact diagnosis, additional blood tests for human chorionic gonadotropin, or HCG, inhibin A, and estriol, as well as an ultrasound are usually done.

但甲胎蛋白也会由于不少其它原因而升高，所以为了得到更准确诊断，还需检查人绒毛膜促激素（HCG）、抑制素A、雌三醇水平，或作超声检查。

In Prader-Willi, the hypothalamus has issues secreting gonadotropin releasing hormone and growth hormone releasing hormone as it should, which can cause decreased sex hormone levels and short stature, respectively.

在普拉德-威利综合征中，下丘脑分泌促激素释放激素和生长激素释放激素受阻，分别导致激素分泌不足以及身材矮小。

Though there are different causes which result in different levels of gonadotropin hormones, they all ultimately result in hypogonadism and a deficiency in testosterone or estrogen and progesterone.

尽管青春期延迟病因很多，会导致促激素水平各不相同，但最终结果都是功能减退以及男睾酮或女雌激素和孕酮缺乏。

The testes — the gonads of the anatomical male — are tasked with making male gametes, sperm, and the androgen hormone testosterone.

睾丸——解剖学上男——负责制造男配子、精子和雄激素睾酮。

Some folks have internal gonads that produce high levels of testosterone, so you'd have to do surgery to remove those.

一些人有内部，产生高水平睾酮，因此需要手术来移除它们。

The ovaries are the female gonads, and they produce the ova, as well as the female sex hormones.

卵巢是女，可以产生卵子，分泌雌激素。

It also includes the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurons which results in a decrease in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.

它还累及促激素释放激素神经元，致其减少释放促激素释放激素。

Now in puberty in both male and females the hypothalamus starts to release more gonadotropin releasing hormone which gets the pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone.

青春期时男和女体内下丘脑开始释放更多促激素释放激素（GnRH）；种激素会使垂体释放黄体生成素（LH）和促卵泡激素（FSH）。

But for now, you learned all you'd ever care to about testicular anatomy, the steps of sperm production, and how it's influenced by gonadotropin and testosterone.

但是现在，你学到了所有你关心睾丸解剖学，精子产生步骤，以及它是如何受到促激素和睾酮影响。

So, for example, a pinealoma may lead to increased secretion of the hormone beta human chorionic gonadotropin that can cause an early onset of puberty.

比如，松果体瘤可能导致β人绒毛膜促激素分泌增加，可引起青春期育提前。

Before puberty, the hypothalamus constantly secretes small amounts of a hormone called gonadotropin-releasing hormone, or GnRH.

青春期前下丘脑会持续小剂量分泌一种激素，叫作促激素释放激素，即GnRH。

The internal sex organs are the ovaries, which are the female gonads, the fallopian tubes, two muscular tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus, and the uterus, which is the strong muscular sack that a fetus can develop in.

内生殖器包括卵巢，即女；输卵管，连接卵巢和子宫肌管道；还有子宫，是孕育胎儿坚固肌器官。

When puberty comes a-knocking, the hypothalamus starts releasing gonadotropin-releasing hormone, or GnRH.

当青春期来临时，下丘脑开始释放促激素释放激素。

These streak ovaries can't produce sex hormones, resulting in hypogonadism and low estrogen levels.

些条索状卵巢无法产生激素，导致功能低下、雌激素水平低。