When it comes to medical tests that diagnose COVID, there are two main options, the antigen or rapid test and the polymerase test.

现存主要有两种检测新冠病毒的医学测试方法，一种是抗原或速检测，另一种是聚合酶链式检测即核酸检测。

Give a little piece of the virus, also known as antigen, to someone not enough to make them sick and their body will be taught to make antibodies to it.

那就是，把一小块病毒，也称为抗原，输入人体中，要确保病毒不足以使这些人生病，然后他们的身体就会产生抗体。

The thymus is involved in the development of T cells - making sure that any T cells that react to self-antigens, antigens that are normally found in the body, are promptly destroyed.

胸腺与T细胞的发育有关，确保任何对自体抗原（正常机体中的抗原）起反应的T细胞迅速破坏。

It's a live attenuated vaccine, and we're engineering it to express SARS-CoV-2 antigens, which should trigger the production of protective antibodies by the immune system.

这是一种减毒活疫苗，我们通过生物工程让它表达 SARS-CoV-2 抗原，以此触发免疫系统产生保护性抗体。

The body is then able to produce large numbers of corresponding antibodies within a short time, so the invading antigens are quickly wiped out without the person suffering any harm from the disease.

这样，人体就能在短时间内产生大量相应的抗体，因此入侵的抗原很除，而患者不会受到疾病的任何伤害。

Cheap and rapid antigen testing can identify and prevent every cluster of COVID-19.

便宜且速的抗原检测可以识别和预防每一个新冠肺炎人群。

It's looking for the actual antigen, the actual RNA of the virus.

鼻腔拭子检测寻找真正的抗原，也就是病毒的真正RNA。

MHC is like the serving platter that antigens are presented to the immune cells.

MHC就像是抗原呈递给免疫细胞的托盘一样。

Antigen tests tend to be faster and simpler to use than genetic techniques.

抗原测试往往比基因技术更、更简单。

Unfortunately, matching donors and recipients is a bit more complicated due to additional antigen systems, particular the Rh factor, named after the Rhesus monkeys in which it was first isolated.

不幸的是，由于额外的抗原系统，将捐献者与接收者匹配稍微有点复杂。尤其是Rh因子，这个因子是以恒河猴第一次隔离之后的地方命名的。

One potential circulating antigen that's been identified is cationic bovine serum albumin, which is present in cow's milk and beef protein, and can escape the intestinal barrier, cause immune complex formation, and deposit in the GBM.

一种已发现的潜在循环抗原是阳离子化牛血白蛋白，存在牛奶和牛肉蛋白质中，并可逃离肠道屏障，导致免疫复合物形成，沉积在基底膜。

These look for high levels of a protein called PSA, but in this study, more than half the men whose cancer was picked up on MRI scans had PSA test scores which are considered normal.

血液检测检测的是一种名为前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）蛋白质的水平，但在这项研究中，通过核磁共振扫描发现癌症的男性中，超过一半的 PSA 值显示为正常。

As a result, immune cells mistakenly attack and destroy the myelin sheath and this is called molecular mimicry, because from the perspective of the immune cells a host substance is mimicking a foreign protein.

因此，免疫细胞会错误地攻击、损伤髓鞘；由于自身物质和细胞外蛋白具有相似抗原表位而导致免疫细胞攻击自身，称为分子模拟。

In eight of the nine children with the strange hepatitis they found variations in the Human Leukocyte Antigen gene that were not commonly found in the 58 comparison children.

在9名患有奇怪肝炎的儿童中，有8名发现了人类白细胞抗原基因的变异，而这在58名对照儿童中并不常见。

Also though, an important piece of the genetic puzzle is the Human Leucocyte Antigen system, shortened to HLA, which is this location of genes on chromosome 6 that regulate our immune functions.

不过，遗传之谜的另一方面是人类白细胞抗原系统，简称HLA，定位于6号染色体；HLA调节我们的免疫功能。

For example, if you have type B blood and you receive a blood transfusion of type A blood, your antibodies will work to destroy the A antigens.

例如，如果你是B型血，却输了A型血，你的抗体就会破坏A型血抗原。

Some researchers have found that increasing exposure to an antigen over time, usually in drops placed under the tongue, can desensitize the body from reacting.

一些研究人员发现，随着时间的推移，接触抗原的次数增多（通常是在舌滴入的液滴中），会使身体失去反应力。

Officials say hidden transmission sources in communities still exist and Beijing will use antigen testing as a supplementary measure to screen key risk groups and staff in key industries.

官方表示，社区中面依然存在隐匿传染源，北京将把抗原检测作为一项补充措施，对重点风险人群和重点行业的工作人员进行筛查。

Normally the molecule's just a sample from the cell, and the immune system recognizes it as harmless, and this is known as a self-antigen, and there's no response.

正常，这些自细胞内的分子免疫系统识别为无害；这些分子称为自身抗原，不会引起免疫应答。

So you can imagine, just the variation in what we call antigens, different carbohydrates and proteins that–the genetic code is just really different between a pig and human.

你可以想象，人和猪之间存在抗原差异，碳水化合物、蛋白质也不同，遗传密码也是大相径庭。