They want to target prospective clients.

后缀-lity放在形容词后，构成抽象名词。他们想要面向潜在客户。

And you can also describe abstract nouns.

你也以描述抽象名词。

The candidate's hard work and dedication helped him win the election.

候选人通过辛勤工作和 dedication 赢得了选举。 注：此处 " dedication" 未进行替换，因为它是抽象名词，在此上下文中直接翻译为“奉献”能不如保留原词更能体现正式或高级的表达风格。如果需要替换，以考虑翻译为“投入”。

So a concrete noun is a physical object and an abstract noun is not.

因此，具体名词是物理对象，而抽象名词则不是。

But abstract nouns don't refer to these physical things.

但抽象名词并不指代这些具体事物。

That's the kind of abstract noun phrase that adds academic weight to your answer.

这种抽象名词短语能为你的回答增分量。

I understand that in Japanese poetry and culture, a lot of abstract nouns are used, such as: " wisdom" , " peace" , " bravery" , " courage" , " cowardice" .

我明白在日本诗歌和文化中， 很多抽象名词被使用，比如：“智慧” 、“和平” 、“勇敢” 、“勇气” 、“懦弱” 。

The fourth rule is that we don't use an article for abstract nouns in English, so hope, love, or friendship.

第四条规则是，在英语中，抽象名词如希望、爱或友谊前不使用冠词。

What abstract nouns are is they represent concepts, not real things that we can touch in the world.

抽象名词代表的是概念，而不是我们能够触摸到的真实事物。

The suffix " -th-" is added to an adjective to form an abstract noun, and " -dm-" can combine with either a noun or an adjective.

后缀“-th-” 加在形容词后构成抽象名词，而“-dm-” 则以与名词或形容词结合。

Once Sumerians had hit upon this phonetic principle, they began to use it for much more than just writing abstract nouns.

一旦苏美尔人发现了这一语音原则，他们就开始将其用于不仅仅是书写抽象名词的用途。

And the abstract noun there is happiness.

这里的抽象名词是“幸福”。

So today I'd like to talk to you about the idea of concrete and abstract nouns, and before we do that, I'd like to get into some word origins or etymology.

所以今天我想和你们谈谈具体名词和抽象名词的概念，在我们这样做之前， 我想谈谈一些词源或词源。

And if we put abstract nouns at the beginning of sentences, usually we don't want an article there because we're talking in general.

如果我们把抽象名词放在句子开头，通常我们不希望在那里使用冠词，因为我们是在泛泛而谈。

So, how do you make something abstract - how do you make an abstract noun concrete?

那么， 你如何使一些东西变得抽象——你如何使一个抽象名词变得具体呢？

A problem is an abstract noun, it's just an idea.

问题是一个抽象名词，它只是一个想法。

Well, before we go to abstract, let's first talk about the concrete ones.

在我们讨论抽象名词之前，先来聊聊具体的那些吧。

An abstract noun represents an idea, experience, or quality, rather than an object that you can touch.

抽象名词表示的是一种思想、经历或品质，而非触摸的物体。

M-e-n-t and i-o-n are usually used to make verbs into abstract nouns.

M-e-n-t和i-o-n通常用于将动词变为抽象名词。

Abstract nouns refer to ideas, feelings, emotions, qualities and concepts.

抽象名词指的是思想、情感、情绪、品质和概念。