The protein follistatin, has an antagonist effect to myostatin, diminishing myostatin's muscle limiting effect.

卵泡抑素蛋白与抑素存在拮抗，能降低抑素对肉的限制。

Additional factors include alcohol consumption, smoking, drugs like glucocorticoids, which decrease calcium absorption from the gut through antagonism of vitamin D, and drugs like heparin and L-thyroxine.

其他影响因素包括酗酒、吸、质激素等药物（其与维生素D的拮抗会减少肠内钙质的吸收）以及肝素或L-甲状腺素等药物。

Caffeine acts as an adenosine antagonist.

咖啡因为腺苷的拮抗剂发挥。