And this cross of shame became the symbol of the new teaching.

这个耻辱架则成了这种新学说标志。

The new doctrine of Calhoun was eagerly seized by the planters as they came more and more to overshadow the small farmers of the South and as they beheld the menace of abolition growing upon the horizon.

——卡尔霍恩新学说被种植园主们急切地抓住，因为他们来多地使南方小农黯失色，并且看到废除奴隶制威胁在地平线上增长。

Yet it directly follows from the new doctrine, that commodities are to be considered only in their relation to each other, — not to the consumers.

，新学说直接得出结论是， 商品只能根据它们彼此之间关系来考虑， 不是与消费者关系。