Only during an eclipse can we study the corona and other dim things.

只有在日食期间，我们才能研究日和其他昏暗的物体。

These events are known as coronal mass ejections or CMEs.

这些事件被称为日物质抛射（CMEs）。

The third measure of the sun's decline is in its outer atmosphere, the corona.

太阳衰落的标准就是其外层的气体日。

Another type of solar eruption is called a coronal mass ejection, or CME.

另一种类型的太阳喷发被称为日物质抛射，或 CME。

And that's because of the Sun's corona.

这是因为太阳有日。

Such storms happen when strong surges of solar winds called coronal mass ejections reach Earth.

当被称为“日物质抛射”的强烈太阳风涌向地球时，就会发生这种风暴。

During the brief darkness, the sun's corona would have been visible.

在那短暂的黑暗期间，太阳日应该可。

And maybe at that time, there is what is known as a coronal mass ejection.

也许当时发生了日物质抛射。”

Solar flares and coronal mass ejections often occur near sunspots.

太阳耀斑和日物质抛射经常发生在太阳黑子附近。

Yeah, so another big, long-standing question about the sun is the corona.

是的，另一个长期存在的关于太阳的重要问题是日。

The trick was to block out the star's overwhelming glare with a device called a coronograph.

诀窍是用一种叫做日仪的设备来遮挡这颗恒星强烈的眩光。

But when the Moon blocks the Sun's face, the corona becomes visible.

但当月球遮蔽太阳表面时，日就显现出来。

The sun's atmosphere or corona can be seen in the dim light, along with stars and planets.

太阳的大气层或日伴随着恒星和行星的昏暗光源下依稀可。

These solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections, or CMEs, can hit Earth and have serious consequences for humanity.

这些太阳耀斑与日物质的喷发（简称CME），会击中地球并对人类造成严重的后果。

In 1869, two scientists independently decided to point a spectroscope toward the corona during a total solar eclipse.

1869 年，两名家在日全食期间各自决定将分光镜对准日。

They said the spacecraft was able to go in and out of the corona at least three times.

他们说这个探测器至少成功进出日三次。

Parker's orbit takes it through the sun's corona to sample where corona plasma detaches to become solar wind.

帕克探测器的轨道使其可以穿过太阳的日层，在那里，日等离子体会分离形成太阳风。

If directed at Earth, these flares and CMEs create geomagnetic storms that then dazzle us with spectacular auroras.

如果是直接针对地球, 这些耀斑和日物质抛射创造的地磁暴会通过壮观的极光让我们眼花缭乱。

Location, location, location. We see CMEs all the time from the Sun.

方位，方位，方位。我们不断看到太阳发出的日物质喷射。

An absence of sunspots also means an absence of solar flares and their more violent siblings, coronal mass ejections.

缺少太阳黑子也意味着太阳耀斑以及它们更强烈的同胞-日物质抛射的不存在。