The skins of sheep and of dogs are not tanned with oak-bark, but are soaked in alum-water instead.

羊皮和狗皮的鞣革使的是矾水而非橡树皮。

Here alum flour to stop the steams.

这矾粉来止汗。

When Giovanni da Castro, Pope Pius II's godson, discovered alum, in Italy, in Tolfa.

当教皇庇护二的教子乔瓦尼· 达· 卡斯特罗 ( Giovanni da Castro)在意大利的托尔法 ( Tolfa) 发现了矾。

Raman's adjuvant was tapioca, Glennie's was alum, an aluminium salt, the most widely used adjuvant today.

拉曼的佐是木薯， 格伦尼的则是矾，一种铝盐， 这也是当今最广泛使的佐。

So to make the textiles the Ottomans craved, the Italians needed Ottoman alum, at least until 1460.

因此，为了制造奥斯曼帝国渴望的纺织品，意大利人需要奥斯曼矾，至少在 1460 年之前是这样。

More importantly he granted a monopoly on the mining rights of alum to a particular Florentine family, the Medicis.

更重要的是， 他将矾采矿权的垄断权授予了特定的佛罗伦萨家美第奇家。

That is because they were dyed with a chemical called alum, which was primarily found in Anatolia, in the Ottoman Empire.

这是因为它们是一种叫做矾的化学物质染色的，这种化学物质主要在奥斯曼帝国的安纳托利亚发现。

Phokia, on the coast of Anatolia, was rich in alum, while Chios was famous for its mastic, apparently generating over 100,000 gold coins a year in revenue.

福西亚， 位于安纳托利亚沿海地区， 富含矾，而希俄斯岛则以出产乳香闻名，年收入据说超过10万金币。

But vitally, Italian alum mines didn't bring victory over the Turks, or cause them to lose all their profits, just as mining and drilling at home never obviate the need for trade.

但至关重要的是， 意大利的矾矿并没有给土耳其人带来胜利，也没有让他们失去所有的利润， 就像在国内采矿和钻探永远不会消除贸易的需要一样。

After all, though he had played at theory-making too, he was a business man, he depended upon soap and alum; " the secondary pleasures of life" , he had to admit, " are very necessary to my comfort" .

毕竟，虽然他也玩过理论制定，但他是个商人，他靠的是肥皂和矾；他不得不承认，“生活中的次要乐趣”“对于我的安慰来说是非常必要的”。