They establish an informative and instructive externalist theoretical infrastructure of the perceptual-sensuous stratum of the metaphorical medium, which is internally linked to its ontological character.
In addition to this argument from causation, by which he proved the existence of God, Descartes, following Anselm, offered his version of the Ontological Argument.
I mean, he wasn't talking about that, he was talking about the perception problem of what the ontology of what defines a car door, this big philosophical question.
And so if you are, for example, trying to understand human preferences as an agent that maybe controls a home, building a well-defined ontology can be extremely challenging.
The theories that may lead us towards an ontological characterization of metaphors are mainly, and naturally, the visualist-formalist theories that were formulated in the late 1960s and onwards.