Sister chromatids remain attached during telophase 1.

姐妹色体在末期 1 保持附着状态。

The spindle fibers shorten and the centromere divides, so each chromosome becomes two separate chromatids.

纺锤丝缩短了，着丝粒分裂，所以色体变成两独立的色体。

The DNA is exactly replicated, and each chromosome now becomes two identical chromatids joined by the centromere.

DNA 被精确地复制了，色体现在变成了两由着丝粒连接的相同色体。

In the second cellular division called meiosis II, the sister chromatids of a given chromosome are separated.

第二次细胞分裂，也就是第二次减数分裂，色体的姐妹色体分离。

Chromatid is the word we use to describe the newly copied chromosome: the identical copies.

色体是我们用来描述新复制的色体的词：相同的副本。

The cell membrane pinches to separate the two sets of chromatids into two cells.

细胞膜挤压将两组色体分离成两细胞。

Meiosis 2 Meiosis 2 is the second meiotic division and usually involves equational segregation, or separation of sister chromatids.

减数分裂 2减数分裂 2 是减数分裂的第二次分裂，通常涉及相等的分离，或姐妹色体的分离。

The sister chromatids by convention are now called sister chromosomes as they move toward opposing poles.

按照惯例，姐妹色体现在被称为姐妹色体，因为它们朝向相反的两极移动。

This is followed by anaphase 2, in which the remaining centromeric cohesion is cleaved, allowing the sister chromatids to segregate.

紧随其的是期 2，在这一阶段，着丝粒纵裂，姐妹色体分离。

Each daughter cell now has half the number of chromosomes but each chromosome consists of a pair of chromatids.

现在子细胞都有一半的色体，但色体都由一对色体组成。

The other option is the sister chromatids of the x chromosome don't separate in meiosis two in the female germ cell.

女性生殖细胞中，X色体姐妹色体在第二次减数分裂时没有分离。

As a result, a double-stranded break on one of the chromosomes can be repaired by using the sister chromatid.

所以，一色体上的双链断裂可利用其姐妹色体进行修复。

That donor DNA will act like a sister chromatid as a reference to recreate the lost genetic information.

该供体DNA会像姐妹色体一样，作为重建遗传信息的参考。

Anaphase 1 Kinetochore microtubules shorten, pulling homologous chromosomes, which consist of a pair of sister chromatids, to opposite poles.

期 1动粒微管变短，将由一对姐妹色体组成的同源色体拉向相反的两极。

Non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes may exchange segments over regions of homology.

同源色体的非姐妹色体可以在同源区域交换片段。

At this stage, non-sister chromatids may cross-over at points called chiasmata (plural) , (singular: chiasma) .

在这阶段，非姐妹色体可能会交叉。

Sometimes though, one parent might contribute one chromosome too many, which is called trisomy, or one chromosome less, which is called monosomy.

但是有时候，双亲中的一方可能会贡献多于一色体，这被称为三体；或者少一色体，称为体。

And so this would be the sister chromatid on the other side.

而这就是另一侧的姐妹色体。

Early on in meiosis the germ cell makes a copy of all of its chromosomes with each chromosome having sister chromatids at that point.

减数分裂早期，生殖细胞会复制原先的色体，复制完毕，所有的色体都有了姐妹色体。

In prophase 2, we see the disappearance of the nucleoli and the nuclear envelope again as well as the shortening and thickening of the chromatids.

在前期 2，我们看到核膜消失，色体变短变厚。