The cell membrane pinches to separate the two sets of chromatids into two cells.

膜挤压将两组单分离成两个。

The other option is the sister chromatids of the x chromosome don't separate in meiosis two in the female germ cell.

女性生殖中，X姐妹单在第二次减数分裂时没有分离。

At this stage, non-sister chromatids may cross-over at points called chiasmata (plural) , (singular: chiasma) .

在这个阶段，非姐妹单可能会交叉。

Early on in meiosis the germ cell makes a copy of all of its chromosomes with each chromosome having sister chromatids at that point.

减数分裂早期，生殖会复制原先，复制完毕后，所有都有了姐妹单。

Meiosis 2 Meiosis 2 is the second meiotic division and usually involves equational segregation, or separation of sister chromatids.

减数分裂 2减数分裂 2 是减数分裂第二次分裂，通常涉及相等分离，或姐妹单分离。

Chromatid is the word we use to describe the newly copied chromosome: the identical copies.

单是我们用来描述新复制词：相同副本。

The DNA is exactly replicated, and each chromosome now becomes two identical chromatids joined by the centromere.

DNA 被精确地复制了，每条现在变成了两条由着丝粒连接相同单。

In the second cellular division called meiosis II, the sister chromatids of a given chromosome are separated.

第二次分裂，也就是第二次减数分裂后，每个姐妹单分离。

The spindle fibers shorten and the centromere divides, so each chromosome becomes two separate chromatids.

纺锤丝缩短了，着丝粒分裂，所以每个变成两个独立单。

The sister chromatids by convention are now called sister chromosomes as they move toward opposing poles.

按照惯例，姐妹单现在被称为姐妹，因为它们朝向相反两极移动。

Each daughter cell now has half the number of chromosomes but each chromosome consists of a pair of chromatids.

现在每个子都有一半，但每个都由一对单组成。

As a result, a double-stranded break on one of the chromosomes can be repaired by using the sister chromatid.

所以，一条上双链断裂可利用其姐妹单进行修复。

In prophase 2, we see the disappearance of the nucleoli and the nuclear envelope again as well as the shortening and thickening of the chromatids.

在前期 2，我们看到核膜消失，单变短变厚。

That donor DNA will act like a sister chromatid as a reference to recreate the lost genetic information.

该供DNA会像姐妹单一样，作为重建遗传信息参考。

So now End 1 is placed near a similar nucleotide sequence, called the homologous sequence, because it's found in the same spot on the homologous sister chromatid.

现在End 1位于一段相似核苷酸序列附近；这段序列被称为同源序列，位于同源姐妹单上相同位点。

This is followed by anaphase 2, in which the remaining centromeric cohesion is cleaved, allowing the sister chromatids to segregate.

紧随其后是后期 2，在这一阶段，着丝粒纵裂，姐妹单分离。

Since homology-directed repair uses a sister chromatid as a template, this is a more reliable repair mechanism than non-homologous end joining because there's no loss of nucleotides.

由于同源介导修复是以姐妹单为模板，这种修复机制比非同源末端连接更可靠，因为没有核苷酸丢失。

The paired and replicated chromosomes are called bivalents or tetrads, which have two chromosomes and four chromatids, with one chromosome coming from each parent.

配对和复制被称为二价（也称为四分），它们有两条和四个单，每个亲本都有一条。

Sometimes though, one parent might contribute one chromosome too many, which is called trisomy, or one chromosome less, which is called monosomy.

但是有时候，双亲中一方可能会贡献多于一条，这被称为三；或者少一条，称为单。

Anaphase 1 Kinetochore microtubules shorten, pulling homologous chromosomes, which consist of a pair of sister chromatids, to opposite poles.

后期 1动粒微管变短，将由一对姐妹单组成同源拉向相反两极。