The chromosomes uncoil back into chromatin.

染色体解卷回染色。

And just describe the patterns of gene expression, open chromatin in the different seasons.

并描述了不同季节中基因表达的模式和染色的开放状态。

Histologically, in tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin, apoptosis involve single cells or small clusters of cells.

凋亡细胞表现为具有致密核染色片段的、胞酸性染色的圆形或椭圆形团块。

Hold on, Morse code? Like dots and dashes? They're writing messages in DNA using chromatin accessibility patterns?

等等，摩尔斯电码？就像点和划？他们正在使用染色可及性模式在DNA中写入信息？

You got it. They assigned open chromatin to represent a dot and closed chromatin to represent a dash.

你明白了。他们将开放的染色表示为点，将封闭的染色表示为划。

A number of mechanisms, however, appear to be established, and various clues derived from models of apoptosis suggest the scenario.

基于特征性染色凝聚机制的研究已经广泛开展。

Well, researchers have cleverly used Evo2 to design DNA sequences that influence chromatin accessibility, effectively controlling gene expression.

研究员巧妙地利用Evo2设计了影响染色可及性的DNA序列，有效地控制了基因表达。

So Informer and Borzoi are like chromatin accessibility forecasters?

所以Informer和Borzoi就像染色可及性预测者？

They found that it binds to chromatin, the compact structure that allows long molecules of DNA to ball up and fit into a tiny cell.

研究员认为，Dsup作为一种染色绝缘体，可以保护DNA免受羟基自由基的攻击。

I mean, I would consider chromatin profiles, you know, as measured by like a Taxiq to be a type of epigenetics.

我的意思是，我会把通过TaxiQ等手段测得的染色图谱视为一种表观遗传学的范畴。

These machines are called chromatin remodelers, and the way they work is that they basically scoot the DNA around these histones and they allow new pieces of DNA to become exposed.

这些“机器”被称为染色重塑器，它们载着 DNA在组蛋白上移动，让新的 DNA 片段暴露出来。

Many different environmental stressors have been shown to alter the chromatin and epigenetic marks of plants, providing evidence within their chromosomes that they do indeed have memories of stress.

许多不同的环境压力因素已被证明可以改变植物的染色和表观遗传标记，从而在它们的染色体中提供证据表明它们确实具有压力记忆。

They then used a technique called beam search to help Evo2 explore various DNA sequence options and select those that Informer and Borzoi predicted would produce the desired chromatin accessibility pattern.

然后，他们使用一种叫做beam search的技术来帮助Evo2探索各种DNA序列选项，并选择Informer和Borzoi预测会产生所需染色可及性模式的那些序列。

Evo 2 to generate DNA sequences that when analyzed by informer and Borzoi produce the desired patterns of open and closed chromatin, effectively spelling out simple messages in Morse code.

Evo 2能够生成DNA序列，当通过Informer和Borzoi分析时，能够产生所需的开放和闭合染色模式，有效地用摩尔斯电码拼写出简单的信息。

They set a specific chromatin accessibility pattern as their target, like saying, " We want a DNA sequence that will result in open chromatin in this region and closed chromatin in that region."

他们设定了一个特定的染色可及性模式作为目标，就像说：“我们想要一个DNA序列，它会在该区域产生开放的染色，在那个区域产生封闭的染色。”

This is where things get really interesting. Remember our discussion about chromatin accessibility, how tightly or loosely DNA is packaged within a cell, affecting which genes are turned on or off?

事情变得真正有趣的地方在这里。还记得我们关于染色可及性的讨论吗？DNA在细胞内的包装方式是紧密还是松散，这会影响哪些基因被激活或关闭？

And I just think we'd get a lot of insight into things like, you know, plumage, change, molting, behaviors, reproduction, if we could look at the genetic underpinnings of these as measured by epigenetics and chromatin, things like that.

我认为，如果我们能够通过表观遗传学和染色等手段，研究这些现象的遗传基础，我们将对诸如羽毛变化、换羽、行为、繁殖等方面获得深刻的见解。