DNA is made up of lots of molecules called nucleotides.

DNA 是由许多称核苷酸的分子成的。

Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group, and a nitrogen base.

每个核苷酸包含个磷酸基、个糖基和个氮基。

But most SNPs have no known effect at all.

但大多数单核苷酸多态性根本没有已知的影响。

Genes, in turn, are made of DNA, helical strands of compounds called nucleotides that contain chemicals called bases.

反过来，基因是由DNA，即核苷酸的螺成，核苷酸含有种叫做碱基的化学物质。

Usually, for gene expression, nucleotides are read in groups of three.

通常对于基因表达来说，核苷酸以三个被读取。

Each composition of this nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate group is called Nucleotide.

这种含氮碱基、戊糖和磷酸基的每种成称核苷酸。

This is because of a particular single nucleotide polymorphism on my BCMO1 gene.

这是因我的 BCMO1 基因具有单核苷酸基因多态性。

That's because the instructions carried by genes are read in sets of three nucleotides.

因基因携带的指令是被三个的核苷酸读取的。

Then it starts to make more, using a bunch of different chemical reactions.

然后身体利用很多不同的化学反应开始制造更多的腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸。

Each nucleotide consists of a ribose sugar, phosphate group and nucleotide base.

每个核苷酸由核糖、磷酸基团和核苷酸碱成。

That “form” is called ATP, if you're familiar with that.

如果你熟悉这种形式的话，它的名字叫做 ATP（腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸）。

So the caffeine doesn't even need to compete with the adenosine to fit into those receptors.

所以咖啡因不用和腺嘌呤核苷竞争受体。

It is a polymer, and it is made up of lots of nucleotides that contain bases.

它是种聚合物，由许多含有碱基的核苷酸成。

Every single protein of our body is encoded through combinations of just four nucleotides.

我们身体中的每分子蛋白质都是由四种核苷酸排列合然后编码合成的。

These reference populations contain SNPs known to exist more frequently in different modern populations in the world.

这些参考人群包含了世界上不同现代种群中更常见的单核苷酸多态性。

This is known as a single nucleotide polymorphism, or SNP, familiarly known to biochemists as a Snip.

这种情况被称单核苷酸多样型（SNP），也就是生化学家所说的Snip。

Meanwhile, champagne also has free glutamates and nucleotides, but not enough for the synergy.

同时，香槟也有游离的谷氨酸盐和核苷酸，但不足以产生协同增效作用。

DNA is a polymer because it is a large molecule composed of repeated subunits, the nucleotides.

DNA 是种聚合物，因它是由重复的亚基，即核苷酸成的大分子。

But the synergy happens when you add certain kinds of nucleotides.

但是当你添加某些种类的核苷酸时，增效作用就会发生。

When you exercise, your body uses up its main source of energy, ATP, within a few seconds.

当你锻炼的时候，你的身体在几秒钟内便耗尽了其能量的主要来源，即腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸。