Ordeal by hot water was first mentioned in the Salic laws of the Franks, ca.

热水神判最初记载于法兰克人的萨利克法典中，约507至511年间。

Now, lingua franca literally means language of the Franks, which at the time of its creation, really referred to all Western Europeans, not just the people who live in what is now France.

， lingua franca 的字面意思是法兰克人的语言，它诞生的时候， 实际上指的是所有西欧人，而不仅仅是生活法国境内的人。

So Charlemagne, the German Frankish king, has conquered all of Western Europe now comes down to Rome and gets crowned as the Roman Emperor, which is a significant event.

于是，日耳曼法兰克人的国王查理曼征服了整个西欧，随后南下至罗，并被加冕为罗皇帝，这一事件意义重大。

Now, let's contrast this for a minute with something like what they do in Charlemagne's realm or Louis the Pious's realm, the Carolingian Franks.

，让我将此与查理曼大帝或虔诚者路易斯统治下的加洛林法兰克人的做法进行对比。

The Franks were Roman allies or foederati, so they ambushed and laid  waste to the Vandal army, killing their king, Godigisel.

法兰克人是罗的盟友或同盟军，因此击并摧毁了汪达尔军队，杀死了的国王戈迪吉塞尔。

What the Franks were doing was not unusual.

法兰克人的所作所为并不罕见。

Charlemagne, or Charles I, was the king of the Franks, rulers of most of modern-day France.

查理曼，又称查尔斯一世，是法兰克人的国王，统治着代法国的大部分地区。

Otto II had threatened to bring Germans, Poles,   and Franks to raze his cities, and by converting, Harald averted a potential war.

奥托二世曾威胁要让德国人、波兰人和法兰克人夷平的城市，哈拉尔德通过皈依基督教避免了一场潜的战争。

That's how the Franks got converted.

那就是法兰克人如何皈依的。

That entity turned out to be a people, another one of those people the Romans would have called barbarians, a people known as the Franks, located in the modern day area of sort of France.

那个实体后来被证实是一个民族，另一个罗人会称为野蛮人的民族，一个被称为法兰克人的民族， 位于代法国的区域。

They were friends of the Franks—Mr. and Mrs. Van Pels and their only child, fifteen-year-old Peter.

是法兰克人的朋友——弗兰克先生。 范佩尔斯夫人和唯一的孩子，15 岁的彼得。

And Delbruck asked the question, you know, why the millions available to the Franks wasn't able to do that.

德尔布吕克提出了一个问题，即为什么法兰克人可用的数百万资源却未能实这一目标。