Ordeal by hot water was first mentioned in the Salic laws of the Franks, ca.

热水神判最初记载于法兰萨利法典中，约在507至511年间。

What the Franks were doing was not unusual.

法兰所作所为并不罕见。

Charlemagne, or Charles I, was the king of the Franks, rulers of most of modern-day France.

查理曼，又称查尔斯一世，是法兰国王，统治着现代法国大部分地区。

They were friends of the Franks—Mr. and Mrs. Van Pels and their only child, fifteen-year-old Peter.

他们是法兰朋友——弗兰先生。 范佩尔斯夫和他们唯一孩，15 岁彼得。

And Delbruck asked the question, you know, why the millions available to the Franks wasn't able to do that.

德尔布吕提出了一个问题，即为什么法兰可用数百万资源却未能实现这一目标。

So he divides the empire amongst his sons, which is typical Frankish practice.

所以他将帝国分给了他儿们，这是典型法兰做法。

I mean, Clovis, the first king of the Franks, had his throne there, I believe.

我是说，洛维，法兰第一位国王，我相信他王位是在那里。

The Franks were Roman allies or foederati, so they ambushed and laid  waste to the Vandal army, killing their king, Godigisel.

法兰是罗马盟友或同盟军，因此他们伏击并摧毁了汪达尔军队，杀死了他们国王戈迪吉塞尔。

That's how the Franks got converted.

那就是法兰何皈依。

And had there been a continuation of, you know, by 814, you've had almost a century of really powerful Frankish leadership.

这种局面得以延续，到了814年， 法兰强大领导力几乎已经持续了一个世纪。

And the primary sources at the time period say that these Vikings absolutely scoured the coastline of Frisia, which is Carolingian territory.

且当时原始资料表明， 这些维京彻底洗劫了弗里西亚海岸线，那里是法兰领土。

Otto II had threatened to bring Germans, Poles,   and Franks to raze his cities, and by converting, Harald averted a potential war.

奥托二世曾威胁要让德国、波兰和法兰夷平他城市，哈拉尔德通过皈依基督教避免了一场潜在战争。

Now, let's contrast this for a minute with something like what they do in Charlemagne's realm or Louis the Pious's realm, the Carolingian Franks.

现在，让我们将此与查理曼大帝或虔诚者路易斯统治下加洛林法兰做法进行对比。

Like I said, closer to war, where maybe some of the Danish kings are organizing attacks on the Franks.

就像我说，更接近于战争状态，可能有些丹麦国王正在组织对法兰攻击。

If it's an existential threat you face as the emperor of the Franks, piracy is going to fall on the triage scale of importance quite a bit.

你作为法兰皇帝面对是生存威胁，海盗问题在重要性分级上就会显得没那么重要了。

So Charlemagne, the German Frankish king, has conquered all of Western Europe now comes down to Rome and gets crowned as the Roman Emperor, which is a significant event.

于是，日耳曼法兰国王查理曼征服了整个西欧，随后南下至罗马，并被加冕为罗马皇帝，这一事件意义重大。

The same was to happen every single summer for the next four years in the face of ineffectual Frankish responses that included failed peace negotiations.

接下来四年里，每到夏天都会发生同样事情，面对法兰无效回应，包括失败和平谈判。

Now, lingua franca literally means language of the Franks, which at the time of its creation, really referred to all Western Europeans, not just the people who live in what is now France.

现在， lingua franca 字面意思是法兰语言，在它诞生时候， 实际上指是所有西欧，不仅仅是生活在现在法国境内。

He prohibits the sale of weapons and armor to these people also, because the Franks make, as we said, some of the best stuff, if not the best stuff in this part of the world.

他还禁止向这些出售武器和盔甲，因为正我们所说，法兰制造武器和盔甲即使不是世界上最好， 也是这一地区最好。

That entity turned out to be a people, another one of those people the Romans would have called barbarians, a people known as the Franks, located in the modern day area of sort of France.

那个实体后来被证实是一个民族，另一个罗马会称为野蛮民族，一个被称为法兰民族， 位于现代法国区域。