China is also where the first movable type printing machines were invented.

中国也是最早发明刷术的地方。

And standardized movable type, that was only invented like one thousand years ago, in Asia.

而标准化刷术大概是一千年前在亚洲才发明的。

Around 1439, the German goldsmith, Johann Gutenberg, developed his own version of a movable type-based press system.

大约在1439年，德国金匠约翰·古腾堡(Johann Gutenberg)发明了他自己版本的刷系统。

The skeleton of the book is paper, type, and cover.

本书的骨架是纸、和封面。

It was Korea, for example, that pioneered moveable metal type, and it did it so well before it was invented in Europe.

比如，他们最早造了金属，远早于欧洲。

And he was one of the first printers, so he had this movable type printing machine, this press.

他是最早的刷商之一，所以他有刷机， 刷机。

The earliest movable type pieces consisted of reversed letters cast in relief on the ends of lead alloy stocks.

最早的刷品由在铅合金枪托末端浮雕的反转母组成。

OK. What is another word for the keyboard sign that represents a paragraph? Is it… a) pilcrow? b) bodkin? or c) pica?

好的。哪一个键盘符号代表一个段落？a) pilcrow（段落符号）？b) bodkin（锥子）？ c) pica （十二点）？

Movable type allowed individual  characters to be arranged to form words, making the written word more accessible  to vast swathes of European populations.

刷允许将单个符排列成单词，使书面文更容易为广大欧洲人口所接受。

The concept of moveable type had been invented much earlier in Eastern culture, but the introduction of Gutenberg's press had a profound effect.

刷术的概念在东方文化中的发明时间要早得多，但古腾堡刷机的引入产生了深远的影响。

My parents are actually, they grew up speaking the Navajo language; they're fluent speakers. They're like a dictionary. If I ask them, “How do you say this? ” they translate.

我的父母就是说纳瓦霍语长大的，都非常流利。他们像典一样。如果我问他们：“个用纳瓦霍语怎么说”，他们就会直接翻出来。

Many historians use the invention of the  first European movable type printing process in 1450 by Gutenberg as a beginning point  for the early modern period in Europe.

许多历史学家将古腾堡于 1450 年发明的第一个欧洲刷工艺作为欧洲近代早期的起点。

Inks had been made by combining organic plant and animal dyes with water or wine, but since water doesn't stick to metal type, use of the printing press required a change to oil-based ink.

油墨是通过将有机植物和动物染料与水或酒混合制成的，但由于水不粘在金属上，因此刷机的使用需要改用油基油墨。